Deviance

Question 1

What is deviance?

Answer 1

any action (formal or informal) that violates social norms

Question 2

How is the difference between normative and non-normative (ie “deviant”) behavior maintained?

Answer 2

via punishments through formal and informal means

Question 3

What is “differential association?”

Answer 3

through interactions with others, people learn the values, attitudes, techniques and motives for criminal behavior

Edwin Sutherland

Question 4

What is “labeling theory?”

Answer 4

deviance is not inherent in an act, but instead focuses on the majority to negatively label minorities; deviance is determined by society’s reactions

Howard Becker

Question 5

What is “structural strain theory?”

Answer 5

deviant behavior is inevitable when society doesn’t provide adequate means to achieve goals

Robert Merton

Question 6

What are “sanctions?”

Answer 6

means of enforcing rules

Question 7

What is a “positive” sanction?

Answer 7

a reward given for conforming to norms

Question 8

What is a “negative sanction?”

Answer 8

a punishment given for violating norms

Question 9

What is the difference between formal and informal sanctions?

Answer 9

informal sanctions occur during face-to-face interactions

formal sanctions serve as official recognition

Question 10

What is an example of an informal (+) sanction?

Answer 10

an expression of thanks, or a compliment on a job well done

Question 11

What is an example of a formal (+) sanction?

Answer 11

a promotion at work

Question 12

What is an example of an informal (-) sanction?

Answer 12

an angry comment or reprimand

Question 13

What is an example of a formal (-) sanction?

Answer 13

a parking fine

Question 14

What is an example of a more?

Answer 14

value systems that can provide strong feelings when violated; something may not necessarily be illegal, but it is unethical such as a politician lying about their educational background

right vs wrong

Question 15

What is an example of a folkway?

Answer 15

mildest type of norm that isn’t necessarily legal, but still shapes everyday behavior, such as facing backwards in an elevator

right vs rude

Question 16

What is ax example of a taboo?

Answer 16

behaviors that are strictly forbidden and if violated often result in disgust, like incest and cannibalism

Question 17

What are “norms?”

Answer 17

standards for what is deemed to be acceptable behavior or not

Question 18

What are the 4 distinct groups of norms?

Answer 18

1. folkways
2. mores
3. laws
4. taboos

Question 19

What are laws?

Answer 19

norms based on the understanding of right and wrong, that still violate the courts

*lying under oath