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design and technology gcse > Developments in new materials > Flashcards

Developments in new materials Flashcards

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1
Q

Graphene characteristics

A
  • Single carbon layer material
  • Hypothetically is 100 times stronger than steel
  • We are not able to manufacture it in a large enough scale to test this theory
  • Weightless
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2
Q

Titanium characteristics

A
  • Used in sporting and medical applications
  • High strength to weight ratio
  • Resistant to corrosion
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3
Q

Metal foams characteristics

A
  • Strong but lightweight material made by injecting a foaming agent into molten metal
  • Retains strength of metal without its density or weight
  • Used in vehicles as they absorb shock
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4
Q

What are LCDs?

A
  • Liquid Crystal Displays
  • Use liquid crystals to display an image
  • Crystals are between liquid and solid state. When charge is applied, the crystal changes to either block light or let light through
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5
Q

LCDs vs OLEDs

A
  • Organic Light Emitting Diode
  • Allows devices to be thinner and lighter
  • OLEDs are more expensive as each pixel has its own light
  • LEDs have one backlight for all of the pixels
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6
Q

Nanomaterials characteristics

A
  • Tiny materials that can be used in thin films or coatings
  • Repel water and oil
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7
Q

What are SMAs?

A
  • Shape Memory Alloys
  • Metal alloys that remember their shape when heated
  • E.G: nickel titanium (nitinol)
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8
Q

What is a smart material?

A
  • A material that exhibits a change in response to an exxternal stimuli
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9
Q

What are thermochromic pigments?

A
  • A temperature sensitive pigment that changes colour when heated
  • Can be mixed with paints or polymers
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10
Q

What are photochromic pigments?

A
  • Pigments that change properties when exposed to UV light
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11
Q

What are QTCs?

A
  • Quantum Tunneling Composites
  • Insulating rubber containing tiny particles of metal
  • When squeezed, the metals meet and allows electricity to flow
  • Insulating material at rest and conductive when applied pressure
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12
Q

What are self healing materials?

A
  • Materials that have the ability to repair themselves
  • Have a longer life span
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13
Q

What are ferrofluids?

A
  • Formed by a magnetic field
  • Used in hydraulic suspension pistons
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14
Q

What are polymorphs?

A
  • A polymer that becomes malleable when heated to 62 C
  • Becomes hard when cooled
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15
Q

How are fibre-based composites made?

A
  • Composites reinforced by fibres
  • Made by mixing resin or concrete with fibres of glass or carbon
  • Reinforcing makes them very strong
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16
Q

Composition and usage of GRP, CRP, GRC

A
  • GRP (Glass Reinforced Plastic): made from glass fibres and resin. Used in boats
  • CRP (Carbon Reinforced Plastic): made form carbon fibres and resin. Used in sports equipment and helmets
  • GRC (Glass Reinforced Concrete): made form glass fibres and concrete. Used in street furniture
17
Q

How are particle-based composites made?

A
  • Mixing smaller particles of sand with larger particles of cement and fragments of rock
  • Very strong and dense materials
18
Q

Composition and usage of concrete and cermet

A
  • Concrete: made from cement, sand and aggregate. Used in buildings
  • Cermet: made from ceramic and metal. Used in electronic components
19
Q

How are sheet-based composites made?

A
  • Mixing wood fibres with resin
  • Large and stable sheets consisting of multiple layers of wood fibres
20
Q

Composition and usafe of MDF, plywood, chipboard

A
  • MDF (Medium Density Fibreboard): made from wood pulp and resin. Used in furniture
  • Plywood: made from wood veneers and resin. Used in furniture
  • Chipboard: made from wood chip and resin. Used in furniture
21
Q

What is polyamide and its usage?

A
  • Polyamide also known as nylon
  • Can be pulled into very thin strands when heated and spun just like natural textiles
22
Q

What is microencapsulation?

A
  • The proces by which tiny particles are surrounded by a coating to make small capsules
  • Brings benefits such as smelling good so can be used to cover body odour in sports clothing

design and technology gcse (8 decks)

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