Developments in new materials Flashcards
1
Q
Graphene characteristics
A
- Single carbon layer material
- Hypothetically is 100 times stronger than steel
- We are not able to manufacture it in a large enough scale to test this theory
- Weightless
2
Q
Titanium characteristics
A
- Used in sporting and medical applications
- High strength to weight ratio
- Resistant to corrosion
3
Q
Metal foams characteristics
A
- Strong but lightweight material made by injecting a foaming agent into molten metal
- Retains strength of metal without its density or weight
- Used in vehicles as they absorb shock
4
Q
What are LCDs?
A
- Liquid Crystal Displays
- Use liquid crystals to display an image
- Crystals are between liquid and solid state. When charge is applied, the crystal changes to either block light or let light through
5
Q
LCDs vs OLEDs
A
- Organic Light Emitting Diode
- Allows devices to be thinner and lighter
- OLEDs are more expensive as each pixel has its own light
- LEDs have one backlight for all of the pixels
6
Q
Nanomaterials characteristics
A
- Tiny materials that can be used in thin films or coatings
- Repel water and oil
7
Q
What are SMAs?
A
- Shape Memory Alloys
- Metal alloys that remember their shape when heated
- E.G: nickel titanium (nitinol)
8
Q
What is a smart material?
A
- A material that exhibits a change in response to an exxternal stimuli
9
Q
What are thermochromic pigments?
A
- A temperature sensitive pigment that changes colour when heated
- Can be mixed with paints or polymers
10
Q
What are photochromic pigments?
A
- Pigments that change properties when exposed to UV light
11
Q
What are QTCs?
A
- Quantum Tunneling Composites
- Insulating rubber containing tiny particles of metal
- When squeezed, the metals meet and allows electricity to flow
- Insulating material at rest and conductive when applied pressure
12
Q
What are self healing materials?
A
- Materials that have the ability to repair themselves
- Have a longer life span
13
Q
What are ferrofluids?
A
- Formed by a magnetic field
- Used in hydraulic suspension pistons
14
Q
What are polymorphs?
A
- A polymer that becomes malleable when heated to 62 C
- Becomes hard when cooled
15
Q
How are fibre-based composites made?
A
- Composites reinforced by fibres
- Made by mixing resin or concrete with fibres of glass or carbon
- Reinforcing makes them very strong
16
Q
Composition and usage of GRP, CRP, GRC
A
- GRP (Glass Reinforced Plastic): made from glass fibres and resin. Used in boats
- CRP (Carbon Reinforced Plastic): made form carbon fibres and resin. Used in sports equipment and helmets
- GRC (Glass Reinforced Concrete): made form glass fibres and concrete. Used in street furniture
17
Q
How are particle-based composites made?
A
- Mixing smaller particles of sand with larger particles of cement and fragments of rock
- Very strong and dense materials
18
Q
Composition and usage of concrete and cermet
A
- Concrete: made from cement, sand and aggregate. Used in buildings
- Cermet: made from ceramic and metal. Used in electronic components
19
Q
How are sheet-based composites made?
A
- Mixing wood fibres with resin
- Large and stable sheets consisting of multiple layers of wood fibres
20
Q
Composition and usafe of MDF, plywood, chipboard
A
- MDF (Medium Density Fibreboard): made from wood pulp and resin. Used in furniture
- Plywood: made from wood veneers and resin. Used in furniture
- Chipboard: made from wood chip and resin. Used in furniture
21
Q
What is polyamide and its usage?
A
- Polyamide also known as nylon
- Can be pulled into very thin strands when heated and spun just like natural textiles
22
Q
What is microencapsulation?
A
- The proces by which tiny particles are surrounded by a coating to make small capsules
- Brings benefits such as smelling good so can be used to cover body odour in sports clothing
