Developments February 1787 - May 1789 Flashcards
When did the Assembly of Notables meet? What was it composed of (give examples)? - (1787 to 1789)
The Assembly of Notables met in February 1787, composed of Second and First Estate members. Seven Princes of the Blood, Parlement judges, church representatives.
Why did the clergy oppose Calonne’s proposals? Who was this led by? - (1787 to 1789)
The clergy were opposed to the ideas to more heavily tax the church. The opposition was led by de Brienne, the Archbishop of Toulouse.
Why were the notables economically opposed to Calonne’s radical reforms? - (1787 to 1789)
The notables were not convinced that France’s economic situation was severe enough to warrant radical reforms to the economy.
How did Calonne anger the notables? What was wrong with this? - (1787 to 1789)
Calonne published articles attacking the actions of the Notables, accusing them of self interests in their decision making. Many notables had actually been influenced by enlightenment ideas, and were open to fairer taxation.
Why did Marie Antoinette have such extensive influence over politics? When did she use this in 1787 and previously?? - (1787 to 1789)
Marie Antoinette had favourites at court, and manipulated Louis’ weak personality into promoting these favourites into high ranking positions at court. Marie Antoinette forced Louis to sack Calonne, Necker and Turgot.
Who replaced Calonne? What changes did he wish to implement? - (1787 to 1789)
Calonne was replaced by de Brienne. He wanted to extend tolerance to Protestants, change the corvée royale into a tax, deregulate the grain trade, spread education, abolish tax farming and codify law.
Which of Calonne’s proposals did de Brienne attempt to pass? What was the result of this? - (1787 to 1789)
de Brienne attempted to pass a modified form of Calonne’s general land tax. However, he failed to do so, as the Assembly of Notables acted in favour of vested interests.
What was the attitude of the Assembly of Notables towards taxation reform? - (1787 to 1789)
The Assembly of Notables proposed that there should be ‘no taxation without representation’ by an Estates General, which would fully scrutinise the taxation system. This as they were not deemed representative enough to grant tax reform.
Why did de Brienne have to ask the Paris Parlement to register his proposals? What were these proposals? What was their outcome? - (1787 to 1789)
de Brienne asked the Paris Parlement to register his reforms because the Notables had been disbanded by Louis in 1787. He asked the Parlement for a land tax, higher stamp duty. It was rejected as the Parlement decided it didn’t have sufficient power to rule on this.
What was de Brienne’s response to the rejection by the Paris Parlement to pass his economic reforms? - (1787 to 1789)
de Brienne attempted to pass these reforms through use of the lit de justice, although this was blocked by the Parlement.
How did ordinary Parisians display their support for the calling of an Estates-General? - (1787 to 1789)
Parisians gathered at the palace of the duc d’Orléans, a supporter of enlightenment ideas in order to display strong support for the calling of the Estates-General.
When did Louis banish the Paris Parlement? Where to? Why? - (1787 to 1789)
Louis banished the Paris Parlement to Troyes in August 1787, in order to get it away from the crowds calling for the calling of an Estates-General.
What was an Estates-General? - (1787 to 1789)
An Estates-General was a body which could be called by the King to discuss major issues. An elected body, it contained representatives of the 3 Estates in French society.
What was the response of ordinary Parisians to Louis’ decision to banish the Paris Parlement? - (1787 to 1789)
In response to Louis banishing the Paris Parlement to Troyes, rioting occurred on the streets of Paris.
When did Louis recall the Paris Parlement? - (1787 to 1789)
Louis recalled the Paris Parlement in September 1787.