Developmental Theories

Question 1

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (MHN)

Answer 1

1. Physiological Needs
2. Security Needs
3. Social Needs
4. Esteem Needs
5. Self - actualisation Needs

Question 2

MHN - Physiological Needs

Answer 2

These are the most basic needs that are vital to survive such as water, air, food and sleep

Question 3

MHN - Security Needs

Answer 3

These are needs for safety and security such as a steady employment, health insurance, safe neighbourhood and shelter from the environment

Question 4

MHN - Social Needs

Answer 4

These are needs for belonging, love and affection and relationships such as friendships, romantic attachments and families as well as involvement in social, community or religious groups

Question 5

MHN - Esteem Needs

Answer 5

These include the the need to reflect on things such as self-esteem, personal worth, social recognition and accomplishment

Question 6

MHN - Self-actulisation Needs

Answer 6

This occurs when people are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with others opinions and are interested in fulfilling their potential

Question 7

Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory (BB)

Answer 7

1. Microsystem
2. Mesosystem
3. Exosystem
4. Macrosystem
5. Chronosystem

Question 8

BB - Microsystem

Answer 8

Immediate environments such as family

Question 9

BB - Mesosystem

Answer 9

A system comprising connections between immediate environments such as home and school

Question 10

BB - Exosystem

Answer 10

External environment setting which only indirectly affects development such as parents workplace

Question 11

BB - Macrosystem

Answer 11

The larger cultural context such as national economy, political culture and subculture

Question 12

BB - Chronosystem

Answer 12

The patterning environment events and transitions over the course of life

Question 13

Vygotsky’s Theory of Child Development - Stages (V)

Answer 13

• The interrelationship between thought and language
• The zone of proximal development (ZPD)
• The importance of play
• Reconstruction
• The importance of social interactions
• The cultural context

Question 14

V - More knowledgeable other (MKO)

Answer 14

Someone who has a better skill set and understanding on how to preform a task or grasp a process or concept, that help you reach your ZPD with scaffolding

Question 15

V - Scaffolding

Answer 15

When an adult provides support for a child, they will adjust the amount of help they give depending on their progress

Question 16

V - The interralationship between thought and language

Answer 16

Concepts, language and memory are mental functions that come from the culture and begin with the interaction between a child and another person

Question 17

V - ZPD

Answer 17

Difference between problem-solving that the child can do by themselves and the problem solving the child can preform with guidance

Question 18

V - The importance of play

Answer 18

Play provides foundations for children’s developing skills that are essential to social, personal and professional activities

Question 19

V - Reconstruction

Answer 19

Children experiencing the same situation over and over again as they grow, but each time they can deal with them at a a higher level and reconstruct them

Question 20

V - The importance of social interaction

Answer 20

Remembering, problem solving, planning and abstract thinking have a social origin

Question 21

V - The cultural context

Answer 21

Children use tools to develop their own culture and to help them to function effectively in society