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Lifespan Development > Developmental Theories > Flashcards

Developmental Theories Flashcards

1
Q

Behavior is motivated by inner forces & conflicts that are beyond people’s awareness & control. ID, ego, & superego

A

Psychosexual Theory
Sigmund Freud

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2
Q

A person negotiates biological and sociocultural influences. Eight stages: trust v mistrust, autonomy v shame, initiative v guilt, industry v inferiority, identity v role confusion, intimacy v isolation, generativity v stagnation, ego integrity v despair.

A

Psychosocial Theory
Erik Erikson

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3
Q

The association of a response with a stimulus; a person comes to respond in a way to a neutral stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of response

A

Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov, John Watson

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4
Q

A voluntary response is strengthened or weakened by its association with consequences. Rewards and punishments can strengthen or discourage behaviors.

A

Operant Conditioning
BF Skinner

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5
Q

Learning occurs in a social context; relationship between the environment and a person’s behavior.

A

Social Cognitive Theory
Albert Bandura

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6
Q

People gradually come to acquire and use knowledge and information. It describes cognitive development in four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete, and formal

A

Theory of cognitive development
Jean Piaget

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7
Q

Identify the ways individuals take in, use, and store information (compared to a computer). Based on the idea that humans process the information they receive, rather than merely respond to stimuli.

A

Information processing
Richard Atkinson

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8
Q

An individual’s drive towards self-actualization and contend that people naturally make decisions and control their behavior. The hierarchy of needs

A

Humanistic theories
Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow

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9
Q

Cognitive development is a result of social interactions between members of a culture. The zone of proximal development and scaffolding.

A

Sociocultural theory
Lev Vygotsky

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10
Q

Studying a child in the context of multiple environments. Organized into five levels: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem.

A

Bioecological systems model
Urie Bronfenbrenner

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11
Q

Identify behavior that is a result of our genetic inheritance

A

Evolutionary psychology theory
Konrad Lorenz

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12
Q

Psychosexual Stages

A

Oral, anal, phallic (desire for parent of other sex), latency, genital

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13
Q

learn adults can be trusted

A

Trust vs mistrust (hope)

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14
Q

Learn they can control their actions; showing preferences, establish independence

A

Autonomy vs shame (will)

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15
Q

taking initiative and control through social interactions; planning and achieving goals

A

Initiative vs guilt (purpose)

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16
Q

comparing to peers; either feel pride in their activities or inferior to others

A

Industry vs inferiority

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17
Q

develop sense of self; what their beliefs are; who they are

A

Identity vs role confusion (fidelity)

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18
Q

after developing sense of self, they are open to relationships

A

Intimacy vs isolation (love)

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19
Q

finding your life’s work; leaving a mark on the next generation

A

Generativity vs stagnation (care)

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20
Q

reflect on life; either sense of satisfaction or failure

A

Integrity vs despair (wisdom)

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21
Q

behaviors followed by consequences that are satisfying are likely to be repeated, whereas if they are followed by unpleasant consequences it is less likely

A

Law of Effect

22
Q

the interplay between our personality and the way we interpret events and how they influence us

A

Reciprocal Determinism

23
Q

world experienced through senses and action

A

Sensorimotor

24
Q

use words and images to represent things but lack logical reasoning

A

Preoperational

25
Q

understand real events and think logically

A

Concrete operational

26
Q

utilize abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking

A

Formal Operational

27
Q

a child cannot see others’ perspective

A

Egocentrism

28
Q

children understand others have thoughts, etc. different from their own

A

Theory of mind (TOM)

29
Q

decisions are made based on situations and circumstances, and logic is integrated with emotion

A

Postformal

30
Q

homeostasis, food, water, sleep shelter, and sex

A

Physiological (tier 1)

31
Q

security of body, employment, resources, morality, family, health, and property

A

Safety (tier 2)

32
Q

friendship, family, sexual intimacy

A

Love/belonging (tier 3)

33
Q

self esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others

A

Esteem (tier 4)

34
Q

morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts

A

Self actualization (tier 5)

35
Q

adults or experienced individuals show how to solve a problem, then let the inexperienced try themselves (guided participation)

A

Scaffolding

36
Q

the difference between what a learner can do without help, and with help

A

Zone of proximal development

37
Q

any system or environment in which a person has direct interaction (home, school)

A

Microsystem

38
Q

interrelationships and interactions between different microsystems

A

Mesosystem

39
Q

larger contexts of the community (values, history, economy)

A

Exosystem

40
Q

cultural elements (economic conditions, war, philosophies)

A

Macrosystem

41
Q

environmental events and transitions that occur throughout a child’s life (any socio-historical events)

A

Chronosystem

42
Q

any kind of phase-sensitive learning (certain age or stage of life) that is rapid and apparently independent of the consequences of behavior

A

Imprinting

43
Q

not accepting the truth or lying to oneself

A

Denial

44
Q

taking out frustrations on a safer target

A

Displacement

45
Q

a person attributes their unacceptable thoughts onto others

A

Projection

46
Q

a cognitive distortion of “the facts” to make an event or an impulse less threatening

A

Rationalization

47
Q

a person outwardly opposes something they inwardly desire, but that they find unacceptable

A

Reaction formation

48
Q

going back to a time when the world felt like a safer place

A

Regression

49
Q

to push the painful thoughts out of consciousness

A

Repression

50
Q

transforming unacceptable urges into more socially acceptable behaviors

A

Sublimation

Lifespan Development (1 decks)

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