Developmental Stages

Question 1

Freud’s Psychosexual Developmental Theory

Answer 1

Freud believed that personality developed through a series of childhood stages in which the pleasure-seeking energies of the id become focused on certain erogenous areas

Question 2

Freud psychosexual energy

Answer 2

driving force behind behaviors

Question 3

Psyche

Answer 3

a human’s basic instinctual drives

Question 4

Ego

Answer 4

attempts to mediate between id and reality

Question 5

Superego

Answer 5

reflects the internalization of cultural rules usually learned from parents

Question 6

Oral Stage

Answer 6

(Birth to 1) infants primary interaction with the world is through mouth

Question 7

Anal Stage

Answer 7

(1 to 3) controlling bladder and bowel movements. toilet training is a primary issue. Too much pressure can result in excessive need for order and cleanliness later in life and vice versa

Question 8

Phallic Stage

Answer 8

(3 to 6) primary focus of id’s energy is on the genitals. Become aware of gender identity.

Question 9

Latent Stage

Answer 9

(6 to puberty) sexual feelings are dormant. Social skills, values, and relationships with peers and adults outside of family

Question 10

Genital Stage

Answer 10

(Puberty to Adult) causes libido to become active. People develop sexual interests in others.

Question 11

Piaget’s Developmental Theory

Answer 11

based on the premise that people actively construct higher level of knowledge.

Question 12

Piaget’s motivation for cognitive development

Answer 12

disequilibrium brought on by a discrepancy between the person’s current understanding of the world and reality.

Question 13

How is Equilibrium achieved

Answer 13

combination of assimilation and accomidation

Question 14

Assimilation

Answer 14

incorporation of new information into existing schemas

Question 15

Accommodation

Answer 15

modification of existing schemas

Question 16

Object permanence

Answer 16

allows the child to recognize that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight

Question 17

Causality

Answer 17

when the child recognizes that certain events cause other events

Question 18

Symbolic thought

Answer 18

child begins to use language to think about actions before performing them

Question 19

Preoperational Stage

Answer 19

Piaget (2 to 7) symbolic function, allows the child to learn through the use of mental images, language, and other symbols that represents objects that aren’t present

Question 20

Concrete Operational Stage

Answer 20

Piaget (7 to 11) Children are capable of performing mental operations using logic and abstract thinking

Question 21

Formal Operational Stage

Answer 21

Piaget (11 +) able to think abstractly, and in a relativistic way

Question 22

Erikson’s Developmental Theory

Answer 22

based on unconscious motivation. emphasis on ego, assumes people are rational and behavior is largely due to ego functioning

Question 23

Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer 23

Erikson (0-18 mths) achieve a balance between trust and mistrust. basic trust starts with the infant and primary caregiver

Question 24

autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

Answer 24

(18 mths to 3 years) to achieve a sense of independence over their own body in context of relationships with primary caregivers.

Question 25

Initiative vs Guilt

Answer 25

erikson (3 to 6 years) to set goals and carry out plans without infringing on the rights of others.

Question 26

Industry vs Inferiority

Answer 26

Erikson (6-12 years) develop a sense of competence by beginning school and learning to do things on their own which instills a sense of pride and confidence

Question 27

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Answer 27

Erikson (12-18 years) learn the roles that they will occupy as an adult while developing a sense of personal identity

Question 28

Intimacy vs isolation

Answer 28

Erikson (18-40 years) begin forming intimate relationships with other people

Question 29

Generativity vs Stagnation

Answer 29

Erikson (40-65 years) participate in activities that give the individual a sense of purpose such as a career, children, and creating positive changes that benefit others

Question 30

Ego Integrity vs Despair

Answer 30

Erikson (65 to death) to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment and accomplishment

Question 31

Mahler Stages of Development

Answer 31

a childs ego becomes organized over the first 3 1/2 years of life. During this time the child struggles between the self and others. Mother and infant relationship affects on development

Question 32

Autistic Stage

Answer 32

Mahler (newborn to 1 month) infant is focused purely on his/herself; unresponsive to external stimuli

Question 33

Symbolic Stage

Answer 33

Mahler (1-5 months) infant begins to perceive the “need- satisfying object”. During this stage the mothers ego functions for the infant. Begins to understand that the mother as a separate beginning

Question 34

Separation-individuation stage

Answer 34

Mahler (5-24 months) During separation, infant begins to develop an understanding of the boundaries of self and they start to see their mother as a separate individual developing a sense of self

Question 35

Differentiation substage

Answer 35

Mahler (5-9 mths) infants attention shifts from being inwardly focus to outwardly focused

Question 36

Practicing substage

Answer 36

Mahler (9-14 mths) infant continues to separate from caretaker, his/her autonomous ego functions become more apparent

Question 37

Rapprochement substage

Answer 37

Mahler (14-24 mths) infant begins to want to act independently. Moves away from mother but regularly comes back to ensure she is still there

Question 38

Object Constancy Substage

Answer 38

Mahler (after 24 mths) infant internalizes his/her mother and begins to understand that his/her mother still exists for them despite absence.