Developmental Stages Flashcards
____ (psychologist) believed personality developed through childhood stages, pleasure seeking energies of the ____ become focused on certain ____ zones
Freud, id, erogenous
_____ said this _____ energy was described as the driving force behind behavior.
Freud, psychosexual
Freuds psyche include: 3 things
Id, Ego, Superego
What did Freud name “a human’s basic, instinctual drive”?
Id
What did Freud name “attempts to mediate between the id and reality?”
Ego
What did Freud name “reflects the internalization of cultural rules usually learned from parents”?
Superego
Oral Stage is what psychologist?
Freud
Freud’s Oral Stage is what age range?
birth to 1
An infants primary interaction with the world is through the _____. This is called the _____ Stage?
mouth, Oral
The ____ is vital for eating, and the infant derives ____ stimulation through gratifying activities such as tasting and sucking. This is called the ____ Stage.
mouth, oral, Oral
Anal Stage is what psychologist?
Freud
Freud’s Anal Stage is what age range?
1-3 years
Freud believed the primary focus of the libido was on controlling the bladder and ____ movements in the ___ Stage.
bowel, Anal
Freud taught ______ training is a primary issue with children and adults at _____ ages.
toilet, 1-3 years
According to Freud, too little or too much (choose) pressure can result in an excessive need for order and cleanliness later in life; this is the _____ Stage
Freud, much, Anal
According to Freud, too little or much (choose) pressure from parents can lead to messy or destructive behavior later in life, according to the ____ Stage.
little, Anal
Phallic Stage is what psychologist?
Freud
Freud’s Phallic Stage is what age range?
3-6 years
Freud suggested that during the _____ Stage the primary focus of the id’s energy is on the genitals.
Phallic
During Freuds ____ Stage children become aware of their gender identity.
Phallic
Latent Stage is what psychologist?
Freud
Freud’s Latent Stage is what age range?
6-puberty
According to Freud, what stage do sexual feeling lie dormant?
Latent
During Freud’s Latent Stage what 3 things develop?
social skills, values, relationships with peers and adults outside the family.
Genital Stage is what psychologist?
Freud
Freud’s Genital Stage is what age range?
Puberty to Adult
During the _____ Stage, according to ____ (psychologist), the onset of puberty causes the libido to become active once again.
Genital, Freud
According to Freud during ____ Stage people develop sexual interest in others.
Genital
If the development during Freuds ____ Stage, has been successful, the individual will continue to develop into a well _____ person.
Genital, balanced
Sensorimotor Stage is what psychologist?
Piaget
Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage is what age range?
birth to 2 years
During ___ (psychologist) Sensorimotor Stage infants and young children learn primarily through _____ and ____.
Piaget, input and action
What are 3 achievements during Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage?
Object Permanence, Causality, Symbolic Thought
In Piaget Sensorimotor Stage_____ Permanency allows the child to recognize that ___ continue to exist when they are out of sight.
Object, objects
In Piaget Sensorimotor Stage ____ is when the child recognizes that certain events ____ other events. Ex: A child realizes they can uses their hand to pick up and move a toy to a different spot.
Causality, cause
In Piaget Sensorimotor Stage _______ is when the child begins to use language (_____) to think about actions before performing them.
Symbolic Thought, symbols
Preoperational Stage is what psychologist?
Piaget
Piaget’s Preoperational Stage is what age range?
2-7
What is the key characteristic of the Piaget’s Preoperational Stage?
Symbolic Function
In Piaget’s ______ Stage of the Symbolic Function, this allows the child to learn through ____ images, _____ and other ____ that represent objects that aren’t there
Preoperational Stage, mental images, language, other symbols that represent
During the _______ Stage, the ____ function allows children to engage in symbolic play and can ____ problems mentally.
Preoperational, Symbolic, solve
What psychologist is Concrete Operational Stage?
Piaget
Piaget’s Concrete Operational Stage is what age range?
7-11 years
During Piaget ____ Stage children are capable of performing mental operations using _____ and ____ thinking.
Concrete Operational, logic, abstract
During the ____ Stage, this allows children to ____ and ____ in a more sophisticated way.
Concrete Operational, classify and problem-solve
What psychologist is Formal Operational Stage?
Piaget
Piaget’s Formal Operational Stage is what age range?
11+
During the ____ _____ Stage, the adolescent or young adult is able to think ______, _______ and _____.
Formal Operational, abstractly, hypothetically, and in a relativistic way.
During what stage do adolescents test hypothesis?
Formal Operational
Each of Erik Erikson’s 8 stages involves ______tasks. If the task is not mastered the person will continue to develop, but the ___ is damaged and subsequent stages will be affected.
psychosocial, ego
Erik Erikson, 0-18 months stage?
Trust v Mistrust
During Trust v Mistust what does the child achieve balance between?
trust and mistrust
Failure to master Erikson’s stage of ____ v ____ will result in a pervasive mistrust of others OR dependent, unthinking, ___ adulation of others.
Trust v Mistrust, rigid
Trust v Mistrust is what age range?
0-18 mos
Erik Erikson, 18 mos - 3 yrs is what stage?
Autonomy v Shame&Doubt
During Autonomy v Shame&Doubt the child is to achieve a sense of _____ over her own body in context or relationships with primary caregivers. What age?
independence, 18 mos to 3 yrs
During Autonomy v Shame and Doubt, if a child experiences _____ over their body they will gain confidence and pride, and build ego strength.
autonomy
During ______ v ________, if the child is not allowed autonomy, and is controlled or prohibited from exploring they are likely to feel ____ of her own ability and excessive _____.
Autonomy v Shame and Doubt, doubtful, shame
Piaget’s theory is based on the premise that people actively construct higher levels of
knowledge
Piaget’s motivation for cognitive development occurs when there is a state of “____” brought on by a discrepancy between the person’s current understanding of the world and _____.
disequilibrium, reality
Piaget believes Equilibrium in achieved through a combination of (three A’s)
- __________ (incorporation of new information)
- _____ (modification of existing schemas)
- which leads to ___________
assimilation
accommodation
adaptation
In _______v ________, if a child is overcontrolled or prohibited from exploring or becoming autonomous, she is likely to feel _____ or her own abilities and excessive shame.
Autonomy v Shame and Doubt
doubt
Erik Erikson, 3 - 6 years is what stage
Initiative v Guilt
During ______ v _________, the child’s task is to set goals and carry out plans.
Initiative v Guilt
Exerting too much control during ____v_____, or taking action that does infringe on other people’s rights will result in disapproval from adults and subsequent feelings of guilt
Initiative v Guilt
Feelings of _____ during Initiative v Guilt , then, prohibit the child (or adult) from effectively making plans or setting goals in the future.
guilt
Erik Erikson, 6-12 years is what stage?
Industry v Inferiority
During Industry v Inferiority, the task is to develop a sense of _____ by beginning school and learning to do things on his own, instilling pride and confidence.
accomplishment
What stage in Erik Erikson does a child’s peer group begin to be of greater importance and contribute to a child’s self esteem?
Industry v Inferiority
If adults do not support the child’s initiatives, then a sense of _____ is likely to develop where the child doubts his abilities, making it more easy/difficult to reach his potential. What stage?
inferiority, difficulty, Industry v Inferiority
Erik Erikson, 12-18 years is what stage?
Identity v Role Confusion
During _____v _____ the task is to learn the roles that he will occupy as an adult while developing a sense of personal identity
Identity v Role Confusion
During ________v_______, peer relationships help adolescents explore various identities.
Identity v Role Confusion
During this stage ____v_____ success leads to fidelity where adolescent feels comfortable with others who have varying values, while remaing true to their own identity.
Identity v Role Confusion
If an adolescent fails to develop a sense of ____, than she may feel role _____ or a weakened sense of self. What stage:
identity, confusion, Identity v Role Confusion
Erik Erikson, 18-40 years is what stage?
Intimacy v Isolation
During _____v _____, the task is to begin forming intimate relationships with other persons.
Intimacy v Isolation
During ___v_____ a person develops comfortable relationships with a sense of ____ and care.
Intimacy v Isolation, commitment
Failure to develop intimacy can lead to ______, loneliness, and feelings of exclusion. What stage:
isolation, Intimacy v Isolation
Erik Erikson, 40-65 years is what stage?
Generativity v Stagnation
The task during _______v_______ is to participate in activities that give the individual a sense of purpose, such as career, raising children, creating positive changes to benefit others.
Generativity v Stagnation
What happens if a person does not feel a sense of purpose? Then he may feel little _____ to others and a sense of uselessness or _____. What stage?
connection, rejection, Generativity v Stagnation
Erik Erikson, 65-death is what stage?
Ego Integrity v Despair
During Ego Integrity v Despair, the task during this stage is for older adults to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment and _______.
accomplishment
During Ego Integrity v Despair, ____ allows for the older adult to face the end of life and accept accesses and failures aging and loss
wisdom
Older adults who see their lives as unproductive, or with many regrets may develop a sense of ____ and guilt that can lead to _____ and hopelessness. What stage:
despair, depression
