Developmental & Social Perspectives On Gender

Question 0

True Hermaphrodite

Answer 0

A person who has one testis and one ovary with varying external experiences

Question 1

Intersexuality

Answer 1

A combination of female and male anatomical sturcutre so that the individual cannot be clearly identified as male or female

Question 2

Gender identity

Answer 2

A person’s inner experience of gender

Question 3

Gender role

Answer 3

The outward expression and demonstration of gender identity, through behaviors, attitudes and culturally determined characteristics of femninity and masculinity

Question 4

Biological essentialism

Answer 4

Human traits and behaviors are formed primarily by inborn biological determinants such as genes and hormonal secretions

Question 5

Social constructionism

Answer 5

Human traits and behaviors are formed by environmental social forces

Question 6

Sexual differentiation

Answer 6

The developmental process - biological, social and psychological that elad to different sexes or genders

Question 7

Four basic levels of biological underpinnings of sex

Answer 7

1. Genetic sex
2. Gonadal sex
3. Body sex
4. Brain sex

Question 8

H-Y Antigen

Answer 8

Biochemical important for testes and gonads

Question 9

Müllerian ducts

Answer 9

Embryonic structures that develop into female reproductive structures

Question 10

Wolffian ducts

Answer 10

Embryonic structures that develop into male reproductive tract

Question 11

Anti-müllerian hormone

Answer 11

Prevents Müllerian development

Question 12

Brain organization theory

Answer 12

Hormones produced during fetal development organize rhe fetal brain pathways in ways that ultimately lead to predictable male/female typed patterns of behavior after birth

Question 13

Fetally androgenuzed females

Answer 13

Administration of hormones during pregnancy can cause XX females to develop masculinized female genitals (enlarged clitoris or penises)

Question 14

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Answer 14

Genetic condition in which build up of androgenic hormones in the fetus and infants; deficit in adrenal glands (androgens produced)

Question 15

Androgen Insensitivity syndrome

Answer 15

XY fetuses develop external female genitals because cells do not respond to fetal androgens (no internal tract)

Question 16

DHT deficiency syndrome

Answer 16

XY fetuses have underdeveloped male genitals and seem female at birth but secondary male characteristics appear at puberty

Question 17

Multiplier effect

Answer 17

Combination of biological and socioenvironmental factors more and more over time

Question 18

Differential socialization

Answer 18

Boys and girls are raised differently

Question 19

Core gender identity

Answer 19

A child’s inner sense of gender established at puberty

Question 20

Secondary sex characteristics

Answer 20

Physical characteristics at puberty

Question 21

Androgyny

Answer 21

The oresence of high frequencies of both masculine and feminine behaviors and traits in an individual

Question 22

Transgenderism

Answer 22

Crossing of traditional gender lines because of discomfort and noncomformity with societal gender roles

Question 23

Gender identity disorder

Answer 23

Gender identity is socially inconsistent with one’s snatomical sex

Question 24

Transsexuality

Answer 24

Being in the wrongly sexed body

Question 25

SRY Gene

Answer 25

Tells tissue to become testes

Question 26

DAX-1 Gene

Answer 26

Gene that helps cells become ovaries (2 needed for complete ovaries)

Question 27

Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS)

Answer 27

In an XY fetus, receptors for androgens do not recognize them so there are internsl testes, no internal reproductive tract with female genitalia and secondary sex characteristics

Question 28

Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome (PMDS)

Answer 28

Deficit of AMH; uterus, fallopian tbes connected to testes

Question 29

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

Answer 29

XXY; testes develop and there is male internal reproductive tract

Question 30

Turner’s Syndrome

Answer 30

XO (only one X chromosome); female geintalia but no ovaries and puberty fails

Question 31

Sexual Mosaicism

Answer 31

Combinations of gonads and internal reproductive tract

Question 32

Triple-X

Answer 32

XXX chromosomes; no biological impact

Question 33

Supernumerary Y

Answer 33

XYY; male development that leads to impulsion, tallness and learning disabilities
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