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developmental quiz 1 > developmental quiz 1 > Flashcards

developmental quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

infancy

A

birth to 1 year

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2
Q

neonatal

A

birth to 2 weeks of age

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3
Q

infant

A

3 weeks to 12 months of age

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4
Q

toddlerhood

A

13 months to 2 years ( 2years, 11 months)

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5
Q

early childhood - preschooll

A

3 -5 years

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6
Q

early childhood- elementary school

A

5 - 10 years

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7
Q

adolescence

A

11 - 18 years

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8
Q

young adulthood

A

18 - 22 to 25 years

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9
Q

pediatric pts are often involved in the care of children through

A

early adulthoof

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10
Q

adulthood

A

22-40 years

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11
Q

middle ages

A

40-65 years

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12
Q

late adulthood

A

65+

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13
Q

what is advanced maternal age

A

describes a pregnancy where the mother is older than 35 years

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14
Q

who wad the german psychologist who theorized that there’s a specific psychological struggle that takes place through the 8 stages of a person life

A

erik erickson

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15
Q

erkisons stage theory - 0-1 year

A

infancy ; basic trust vs mistrust

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16
Q

erkisons stage theory : 1-3 years

A

early childhood; autonomy vs. shame

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17
Q

erkisons stage theory : 3-6 years

A

play age; initiative vs guilt

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18
Q

erkisons stage theory : 6-12 years

A

school age; industry vs inferiority

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19
Q

erkisons stage theory : 12-19 years

A

adolescence; identity vs confusion

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20
Q

erkisons stage theory : 20-25 years

A

early adulthood; intimacy vs isolation

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21
Q

erkisons stage theory : 26-64 years

A

adulthood; generativity vs stagnation

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22
Q

erkisons stage theory : 65- death

A

old age; integrity vs despair

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23
Q

postural control

A

involves controlling the boys position in space fo the dual purposes of stability and orientation

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24
Q

postural orientation

A

ability to maintain an appropriate relationship between the body segments and between the body and the environment for a task

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25
Q

posture stability

A

the ability to control the center of mass in relationship to the base of support

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26
Q

center of mass

A

a point that is at the center of the total body mass

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27
Q

where is the COM for an adult?

A

anterior to S2 in the upright position

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28
Q

where is the COM in an child?

A

T12

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29
Q

How is the COM determined?

A

finding weighted average

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30
Q

what is the key variable that is controlled by the postural system

A

COM

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31
Q

center of gravity

A

the vertical projection of the COM; depending on the activity

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32
Q

what is the center of gravity dependent on?

A

the weight and distribution of weight within the body

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33
Q

center of pressure

A

the center of distribution of the total forces applied to the supporting surfaces

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34
Q

base of support

A

the area of the body that is in contact with the support surface

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35
Q

body alignment in quiet stance

A

small amount of postural sway

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36
Q

vertical line of gravity falls in the midline between

A

mastoid process
anterior to shoulder joint s
hip joints
anterior to knee joints
anterior to ankle joints

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37
Q

muscle tone

A

the force to which a muscle resists being lengthened (stiffness)

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38
Q

postural tone

A

when we stand up, activity increase in antigravity postural muscles to counteract the force of gravity

sensory inputs are critical to tone

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39
Q

limits of stability

A

ability to maintain the projected COM within the limits of BOS

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40
Q

both the —— and ——- of COM needed to be considered at any given moments

A

position and velocity

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41
Q

3 types of postural control

A

steady state
reactive
proactive

42
Q

steady state control

A

control the COM relative to BOS in predicatable and non changing conditions

ex. sitting in a chair

43
Q

reactive control

A

occurs in response to outside forces

ex. being bumped in a crowd

44
Q

proactive or anticipatory control

A

occurs in anticipation of internaller generated forces, intent to move

ex. stepping onto a curb

45
Q

reactive balance replied on…

A

feed back mechanisms

46
Q

feedback mechanisms

A

feedback from an external perturbation, unexpected postural disturbance

47
Q

what does proactive balance rely on

A

feedfoward mechanisms

48
Q

feedfoward mechanisms

A

expected postural disturbance

49
Q

ankle strategy

A

smaller, slower perturbation

50
Q

hip strategy

A

larger, faster perturbations

51
Q

stepping strategy

A

largest,fastest perturbation

52
Q

reach strategy

A

elicited by a similiar perturbation as stepping

53
Q

secondary curves in spine

A

cervial and lumbar ( 2 degrees)

54
Q

primary curves in spine

A

thoracic and sacral (1 degree)

55
Q

newborn to 2 months (reflexes)

A

primary standing/positive support and automatic walking

both are reflexes

56
Q

what is primary standing/positive support

A

first accepts weight on legs for 20-30 seconds then falls

57
Q

automatic walking

A

steps reciprocally when inclined forward

58
Q

asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR) and tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR) happens when

A

newborn to 6 months

59
Q

in supine, head rotation to side where side arm and leg is extended and opposite arm is flexed to head

can lead to developmental coordination disorder in adolescence if ATNR does not integrate

A

asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR)

60
Q

tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR)

A

neck extends: increase extensor tone of all limbs
neck flexes: increased flexor tone of all limbs

61
Q

when can a child sit up on their own?

A

6 months

62
Q

anterior protective extension

A

anterior perturbation - arms extent foward to prevent from falling

63
Q

when does anterior protection extension emerge?

A

6-9 months

64
Q

lateral protective extension

A

lateral perturbation- arms extend to prevent form falling ; emerges 6-9 months

65
Q

upper extremity parachute

A

in prone horizontal suspension, child is moved towards the surface head hurt
they should symmetrically extent and abduct their arms

66
Q

when does upper extermity parachute emerg?

A

6-7 motnhs

67
Q

posterior protection extension

A

posterior perturbation- arms and head extend backwards to recover balance ; emerges at 9 months

68
Q

During the prenatal development of 25-27 weeks what happens?

A

the babies move around and twist; should feel flexing, kicking , stretching, and punching

69
Q

What are some new born anatomical characteristics?

A

large head
shorter legs than trunk and arms
c curve spine

70
Q

During the first month or 2 the babies are predominate in what?

A

flexion bc that is how they are in the womb

71
Q

First 3 months of infancy

A

flexed posture dominates
head tipped foward in supported sitting
increased extension of the spine

72
Q

when does limb symmetry progress to asymmetry?

A

begins at 2 months

73
Q

when does the baby begin to lift head in prone

A

by 2 months

74
Q

when does a baby discover midline orientation?

A

by 3 months

75
Q

developmental changes during 4-6 months

A

on elbows to on hands posture
spinal extension in lumbar region
head hello upright

76
Q

When should a baby be able to independently sit on their own?

A

6 month s

77
Q

developmental changes during 7-9 months

A

baby wants to crawl to get stuff
rolling and achieve in quadruped position
improved weight shifting skills

78
Q

developmental changes during 10-12 months

A

gets to pulls and develops pull up to stand up
high guard walking - shoulders rotated outward and elbows are flexed

79
Q

developmental changes 12-14 months

A

walking well

80
Q

developmental changes 15-18 months

A

kick back foward

81
Q

developmental changes 20-24 months

A

jump in place

82
Q

developmental changes 36 months

A

stand on one foot
adult like muscle activation

83
Q

developmental changes in 2-6 years ( early childhood)

A

exaggerated lordosis and portuding abdomens disappear
body fat is 12.5-15 5 by 5

84
Q

When does puberty happen?

A

7-12 years old

85
Q

When does your growth spur happen

A

7-12 years and effects their musculoskeletal system

86
Q

when are adult skulls being refined and mastered

A

by age 10

87
Q

passive stance; slouched posture
small bone structure
think
lean muscle mass

A

ectomorphis

88
Q

active; military posture
strong, athletic, hard body
gain muscle and fair more easy

A

mesomorphs

89
Q

Is static balance more difficult for children>

A

yes

90
Q

adult like postural control is not fully developed until

A

7 years of age

91
Q

when does someone’s gait mature

A

7 years of age

92
Q

what are the 3 things that have to do with keeping balance

A

vision
vestibular
proprioception

93
Q

when is peak control of transitional movements at

A

15 years

94
Q

developmental changes in older adulthood

A

widen base of support
slighting legend kness and hips
reduced lumbar lordosis and increase kyphosis
foward head

95
Q

what does increased thoracic kyphosis lead to

A

cervical extension and internal rotation of shoulders

96
Q

what does foward head lead to?

A

internal rotation of the shoulders

97
Q

Lower extermity muscular strength is reduced but how much between the ages of 30-80

A

40%

98
Q

Musculoskeletal changes for older adults

A

decreased number of type 1 and 2 muscle fibers
arthritis pain
decreased number of motor unites

99
Q

what training is may effective for imporoving physical function in older adults with muscle weakness?

A

power training

100
Q

what has been found to be even more highly correlated with physical function?

A

muscle power

developmental quiz 1 (1 decks)

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