Developmental Psychology

Question 1

Cognitive

Answer 1

thinking, including problem solving, perceiving, remembering, using language and reasoning.

Question 2

Operations

Answer 2

how we reason and think about things.

Question 3

Object permanence

Answer 3

knowing something exists even if its out of sight.

Question 4

Symbolic play

Answer 4

children play using objects and ideas to represent other objects and ideas.

Question 5

Egocentrism

Answer 5

unable to see the world from any other viewpoint but one’s own.

Question 6

Animism

Answer 6

believing that objects that are not alive can behave as if they are alive.

Question 7

Centration

Answer 7

focusing on one feature of a situation and ignoring other relevant features.

Question 8

Irreversibility

Answer 8

not understanding that an action can be reversed to return to the original state.

Question 9

Morality

Answer 9

general principles about what is right and wrong, including good and bad behaviour.

Question 10

Schema/schemata(s)

Answer 10

mental representations of the world based on one’s own experiences.

Question 11

Adaptation

Answer 11

using assimilation and accommodation to make sense of the world.

Question 12

Assimilation

Answer 12

incorporating new experiences into existing schemas.

Question 13

Accommodation

Answer 13

when a schema has to change to deal with a new experience.

Question 14

Equilibrium

Answer 14

when a child’s schemas can explain all that they experience, a state of mental balance.

Question 15

Subjective

Answer 15

based on personal opinion or feelings.

Question 16

Validity

Answer 16

when the results of a study represent the situation they are testing (in real life).

Question 17

Mindset

Answer 17

a set of beliefs someone has that guides how someone responds to or interprets a situation.

Question 18

Ability

Answer 18

what someone can do.

Question 19

Effort

Answer 19

when you try to do better using determination.

Question 20

Fixed mindset

Answer 20

believing your abilities are fixed and unchangeable.

Question 21

Growth mindset

Answer 21

believing practice and effort can improve your abilities.

Question 22

Working memory

Answer 22

has different parts for processing information coming in from our senses.

Question 23

Short-term memory

Answer 23

our initial memory store that is temporary and limited.

Question 24

Long-term memory

Answer 24

a memory store that hold potentially limitless amounts of information for up to a lifetime.

Question 25

Rehearse

Answer 25

repeat information over and over to make it stick.

Question 26

Motor skills

Answer 26

actions that involve muscles and brain processes, resulting in movement.

Question 27

Decentration

Answer 27

being able to separate yourself from the world and take different views of a situation.

Question 28

Social learning

Answer 28

learning by observing and copying others.

Question 29

Self-regulation

Answer 29

limiting and controlling yourself with out influence from others.

Question 30

Nature

Answer 30

explanations of behaviour that focus on environmental factors.

Question 31

Nurture

Answer 31

explanations of behaviour that focus on environmental factors.

Question 32

Qualitative data

Answer 32

data that is descriptive, such as words or pictures (not numbers)

Question 33

Reliability

Answer 33

the consistency of an outcome or result of an investigation.

Question 34

Framework

Answer 34

a basic understanding of ideas and facts that is used when making decisions.

Question 35

Person praise

Answer 35

someone praises the individual rather than what they are doing.

Question 36

Process praise

Answer 36

someone praises what is being done, not the individual.

Question 37

Entity theory/motivational framework

Answer 37

a belief that behaviour or ability results from a person’s nature.

Question 38

Incremental theory/motivational framework

Answer 38

a belief that effort drives behaviour and ability, which can change.

Question 39

Ecological validity

Answer 39

the extent to which the finding still explain the behaviour in real life situations.

Question 40

Ethics

Answer 40

moral principles about how someone should behave in society.

Question 41

Debrief

Answer 41

after an investigation, participants are given full disclosure of the study.

Question 42

Generalisability

Answer 42

the extent to which the results of a study represent the whole population, not just the sample used.

Question 43

Morals

Answer 43

standards of right and wrong behaviour that can differ between cultures and can depend on the situation.

Question 44

Moral development

Answer 44

children’s growing understanding about right and wrong.

Question 45

Heteronomous

Answer 45

rules put into place by others.

Question 46

Autonomous

Answer 46

rules can be decided by the individual person.

Question 47

Norms

Answer 47

society’s values and customs, which a person in that society would be governed by.

Question 48

Nativist theories

Answer 48

theories that view morality as part of human nature.