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YR 1 PSYCHOLOGY OF THE PERSON > Developmental Psychology > Flashcards

Developmental Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Who described himself as a constructivist? Freud/Piaget/Meltzoff/Locke

A

Piaget

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2
Q

Which of the following are NOT stages of prenatal development

Embryonic stage/germinal stage/foetal stage/sensori-motor stage

A

Sensori-motor stage (in child development not prenatal)

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3
Q

Longitudinal design does NOT allow for investigation of:

Developmental change/Cohort Effect/Developmental Continuity/Individual Differences

A

Cohort Effect

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4
Q

Describe 2 flaws of Darwins method with his baby biography

A
  • too generalised/biased

- didn’t pick up on visual abilities in children

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5
Q

When might case studies be the only valid method?

A

If the individual has a unique disability, ability or gift

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6
Q

Which method is best used for providing NORMATIVE data?

A

Cross-sectional method

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7
Q

Problems with cohort effect

A

Measure of spatial ability may improve and be influenced

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8
Q

Diescribe a longitudical design study

A

Long study with big research group; documenting development

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9
Q

Describe a longitudinal design study

A

Long study with big research group; documenting development

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10
Q

What does attrition mean?

A

Fall-out rate

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11
Q

Disadv of Longitudinal design (3 things)

A
  • expensive
  • practically difficult
  • dropouts
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12
Q

Describe Cohort Design

A

compares individuals born at different times in history at the same stages of development

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13
Q

What does ecological validity mean?

A

if ecologically valid; the research in labs can be related to real life

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14
Q

Which design would you use to learn about the effects of historical change?

A

Cohort design

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15
Q

Name 2 ways of improving observational records

A
  • inter-rater reliability — more than one recorder, video recorder (deals with bias)
  • ## video coding the behaviours
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16
Q

Types of interview

A

semi-structured (allows u to obtain info more directly related to the research Q. the way diagnostics work)

open-ended (not good to draw data from)

questionnaires

17
Q

Which 3 things can longitudinal design investigate?

A

developmental change
developmental continuity
individual differences

18
Q

By what age do infants prefer symmetrical to asymmetrical patterns?

A

4 months

19
Q

Infants prefer patterns with curved or straight edges?

A

Curved

20
Q

At what age does preference for faces emerge?

A

2 months

21
Q

At what age does depth perception come into play

A

6-14months, will not crawl over cliff section

22
Q

At what age does shape constancy occur

A

Newborns

23
Q

Perception of object at whole occurs at what age

A

2 months old were aware of whole shape whereas newborn are not

24
Q

Empiricism meaning and examples of empiricists

A

Argues for blank slate, tabula rasa

John Locke 1960

25
Q

Who said ‘blooming buzzing confusion’ and what did they mean

A

James 1990

Meaning the idea of empiricism that infants are a blank slate, v confused

26
Q

Nativist meaning and examples of nativists

A

Argues for innate abilities and templates

Descartes 1638, Kant 1781

27
Q

Constructivism

A

Knowledge is continuously created not pre formed

Piaget

28
Q

When might eye tracking not be a useful experimental study method

A

When the infant is younger than 2 months, as visual acuity is poor

29
Q

What can be used in infants to measure habituation

A

High amplitude sucking

Sucking declines as they habituate and increases when dishabituation occurs

30
Q

Describe the Entrainment Study by Phillips-silver and Trainor 2005

A

7mnth old infants were bounced in synchrony to one of two rhythmic patterns , preference was found for the one they had been bounced to - shown by how long they listened

31
Q

Explain the expectancy violation method

A

Tests the ability of infants to predict by looking at their eye movements in response to a change in object sequence. Allows you to tell if the infant had learned the sequence or not

32
Q

Explain conditioned head turning

A

Newborns turn their heads to new/interesting sights or voices, allows hearing thresholds and auditory discrimination to be tested

33
Q

Give an example of an experiment that used contingency or operant learning techniques

A

Ribbon attached to infants wrist, after baseline a stimulus was introduced that causes singing when the infant pulls. After 8 weeks increased pulling, showing an instinctual understanding that actions have consequences, OPERANT CONDITIONING THROUGH REWARD

34
Q

Describe Perceptual Narrowing

A

The loss of discrimination between phenomes to allow the child to focus on their own language

35
Q

By what age is the ability to discriminate between phenomes in other languages lots

A

12 months

YR 1 PSYCHOLOGY OF THE PERSON (4 decks)

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