Developmental Psychiatry Flashcards
What does ADHD stand for?
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
What is the diagnostic triad of ADHD?
Inattention
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity
How would you describe a person with ADHD’s actions?
Essentially act before they think - impulsive and often later regret
What further attributes does “combined-type ADHD” have?
Triad of ADHD which are developmentally inappropriate, impairing, pervasive and longstanding
What impacts can ADHD have at home?
Parents can’t cope
Raised family stress
Increased anger and upset
Increased risk of harm
What impacts can ADHD have at school?
Barrier to learning Frequently in trouble Disorganised Forgetful Lose things
List some comorbid difficulties that can occur with ADHD
Social difficulty Learning disability Mood and anxiety problems Behavioural disorder Substance use + crime
Is ADHD more common in males or females?
Males
List methods of diagnosing ADHD
Parent + school report
Questionnaires (Conners Rating, SDQ…)
Family history (genes)
Cognitive assessment
Working memory in children with untreated ADHD resembles that of the memory of elderly with Alzheimer’s. True/False?
True
Children can grow out of ADHD. True/False?
True
Some will as part of brain’s natural developmental process
List some psychological therapies for ADHD
Parent training
Behavioural management
Social skills training
Sleep + diet review
List 1st line drugs for ADHD
“stimulants”
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Dexamfetamine
List 2nd line drug for ADHD
Atomoxetine
List 3rd line drug classes for ADHD
Antidepressants
Antihypertensives
Antipsychotics
What is the aim/purpose of using stimulant drugs in ADHD?
Improve dopaminergic neurotransmission in networks involved in higher executive functioning
What does ASD stand for?
Autism spectrum disorder
List the triad of impairments in autism
Social interaction
Language
Thought + behaviour disorder
Sensory difficulty
Is autism more common in boys or girls?
Boys
List some social interaction difficulties in autism
Difficulty establishing relationships
Lack of motivation for social approval
No interest in others’ needs
Little awareness of feelings of others
List some language impairment in autism
Lack of speech Difficulty using pronouns Stress, pitch, rhythm may be odd Difficulty interpreting non-verbal comm Difficulty with imagery Unresponsive/lack of feedback
List some thought impairment in autism
Restricted, repetitive behaviour
Lack of imagination
Inflexible thoughts
Resistance to change
List some comorbid conditions that may be found with autism
Learning disability Mood and anxiety disorder OCD ADHD Dyspraxia
List methods of diagnosing autism
Screening scales
Interviews (3di)
ADOS assessment
What is the DSM criteria for diagnosing autism?
6 symptoms in total 2 symptoms of social interaction 1 symptoms of communication 1 symptom of behaviour Early onset Longstanding
List non-pharmacological management of autism
Family and school support
Behaviour analysis
SLT
List pharmacological management of autism
Risperidone short-term
Methylphenidate (ADHD)
Melatonin (sleep)