Developmental of CV system Flashcards
Heart tube folds into a primiLve heart starts on ___ week.
4th week
Heart tube folding:
(Bulbus Cordis/ Primitive Ventricle/ Primitive Atrium/ Sinus Venosus)?
- It moves superiorly and posteriorly
- It forms the left atrium and part of the
right atrium
Primitive Atrium
Heart tube folding:
(Bulbus Cordis/ Primitive Ventricle/ Primitive Atrium/ Sinus Venosus)?
- It moves superiorly and posteriorly
- It forms superior vena cava and part of
the right atrium
Sinus Venosus
Heart tube folding:
(Bulbus Cordis/ Primitive Ventricle/ Primitive Atrium/ Sinus Venosus)?
- It moves inferior and anterior, sliding over to the right
- It forms the right ventricle, aorta and pulmonary trunk
Bulbus Cordis
Heart tube folding:
(Bulbus Cordis/ Primitive Ventricle/ Primitive Atrium/ Sinus Venosus)?
- It moves to the left
- It forms the left ventricle
Primitive Ventricle
What is Aorticopulmonary septum?
A septum is formed within the truncus arteriosus, dividing it into the aorta and pulmonary trunk
____ ridges and ____ ridges undergo a 180° rotation forming a _____.
Truncal ridges
Bulbar ridges
Spiral aorticopulmonary septum
Persistent Truncus Arteriosus is a type of defect of ___, and patient with ___ syndrome is a risk factor of this defect.
Aorticopulmonary septum
DiGeorge syndrome
What do Truncal ridges and Truncal ridges grow from?
- Truncal ridges grow from the upper part of the truncus arteriosus
- Truncal ridges grow from the lower part; the bulbus cordis
What is Persistent Truncus Arteriosus?
a condition when the truncus arteriosus fails to properly divide into the pulmonary trunk and aorta.
What is Transposition of the Great Vessels?
Closed System or with a VSD- ventricular ventral defect.
TGV is a group of congenital heart defects involving an abnormal spatial arrangement of any of the great vessels: superior and/or inferior venae cavae, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, and aorta.
Name the structures that is derived from different pairs of Aortic arches:
First pair
Second pair
Third pair
Fourth pair (L and R)
Fifth pair
** Sixth pair (L and R)
> First pair: Maxillary arteries
> Second pair: Hyoid & stapedial arteries
> Third pair:
Common carotids
- First part of internal carotids
- Externals sprout from these arches
> Fourth pair:
LEFT = Aorta & part of left subclavian
RIGHT = Part of right subclavian
> Fifth pair: No vascular derivatives
> *** Sixth pair:
LEFT = Left pulmonary artery & ductus arteriosus
RIGHT = Right pulmonary artery
Aortic Arch Defects derive from defects of ___ Aortic arches, which develop on ___ week.
6th Aortic arches
4-5th week
Which is the first septal grew down from the roof of the atrium towards the endocardial cushions leaving a hole named ____ ?
Septum primum
ostium primum
During development, ostium ____ will diappear and during birth, ___ and ____ will close upon the first breath.
ostium primum
ostium secundum and foramen ovale
Which is the second septal grew down almost concentrically, but does not form a complete partition, leave a gap called ___?
Septum secundum
foramen ovale
Name the few types of atrial septal defects.
1) Excessive resorption of septum primum
2) Absence of septum secundum
3) Absence of septum primum and septum secundum
_____ is the passage between the common atrium and ventricle
atrioventricular canal
Explain Atrioventricular septum and atrioventricular canals formation .
- two endocardial cushions bud within the primitive heart and grow into the lumen, moving towards each other
As they fuse, they leave two atrioventricular orifices; - the left and right atrioventricular canals
The partitioning of the atrioventricular canal, the left and right atria, and the left and right ventricle all occur during the ______ week of development.
4th and 5th week
State the types of Atrioventricular Septal Defects, which is high prevalence to patients with ____ syndrome.
- Complete
- Partial
- Transitional
Down syndrome
The ventricle expands and grows due to __, expanding towards the endocardial cushions forming ___.
cell proliferation
muscular interventricular septum
____ and ____ is linked with DiGeorge syndrome.
Tetralogy of Fallot
Persistent Truncus Arteriosus
Name the type of ventricular Septal Defects.
Tetralogy of Fallot
Name the type of Tetralogy of Fallot.
- pulmonary stenosis
- overriding aorta
- interventricular septal defect
- hypertrophy of right ventricle
What is Ductus Arteriosus Defects/ Patent Ductus Arteriosus?
abnormal blood flow occurs between two of the major arteries connected to the heart, and the ductus arteriosus remains open (patent).
Give examples of Cyanotic Heart Defects.
Cyanotic: • Tetralogy of Fallot • Transposition of the great arteries. • Persistent truncus arteriosus • Tricuspid atresia • Interrupted aortic arch • Pulmonary atresia • Late stage PDA- Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Give examples of Acyanotic Heart Defects.
Acyanotic • VSD • ASD • AVSD • PDA • Pulmonary stenosis • Aortic stenosis • Co-arctation of the aorta.
Name the types of investigation can be done for diagnosing heart defects: prental and postnatal.
Pre-natal:
• Genetic testing (eg: karyotyping)
• USS
Post-natal: • Capillary blood gas • Blood tests • CXR • ECG • Echocardiogram (USS) • MRI
