Developmental Milestones- Preschooler Flashcards
1
Q
Cognitive Development 24 months
A
follows simple verbal commands
2
Q
Cog. Development 27 months
A
points to and names familiar pictures
3
Q
Cog. Development 36 months
A
Gives 2 objects on request
4
Q
Cog Development 42 Months
A
gives name on request
5
Q
Cog Development 45 Months
A
enjoys make believe play
6
Q
Cog Development 5 years
A
Understands concepts of today/ yesterday/tomorrow/ as well as morning/ afternoon and night
7
Q
Social Development 27 Months
A
communicates desire and orders others around
8
Q
Social Development 30 months
A
demands caregiver’s attention, throws tantrums when needs are not understood
9
Q
Social Development 36 months
A
plays individually in groups and selects playmates
10
Q
Social Development 45 months
A
Plays cooperatively and takes turns
11
Q
Motor Development 27 months
A
Walks up and down stairs, does not alternate feet
12
Q
Motor Development 36 months
A
Constructs a tower of 7-8 blocks
13
Q
Motor Development 39 months
A
dresses and undresses self
14
Q
Social Development 4 years
A
Gives up immediate gratification based on promise of delayed privlege (can be bribed)
15
Q
Motor Development 45 months
A
copies cross and square
16
Q
Motor Development 4 years
A
copies simple block letters
17
Q
Motor Development 5 years
A
draws figures. Recognizable as a figure with head, trunk, legs and arms
18
Q
At 18-24 mos. expressive vocab. increases from 50 to ? words
A
200-300 words
19
Q
By 36 months of age a ch will have an expressive vocab of ? words
A
900-1000 words
20
Q
At 5 years, by kindergarten, a ch should be using ? words
A
2100-2200 words
21
Q
By 6 years of age many ch will have receptive vocab of ?? words?
A
14.000 words
22
Q
According to Montgomery 2011, ch learn which words ?
A
Words they are exposed to in their environments
23
Q
What is Fast-mapping?
A
A hypothetical process where ch associate a word and its referent after the first or initial exposure
24
Q
What is Extended-mapping?
A
New words are gradually expanded and modified as additional experiences become available
25
Children learn new words more quickly when these words _ _ _?
1. Are composed of phonemes that the ch can produce
2. Are object words as opposed to action words
3. Are reduplicated syllables (mama)
Easy basic nouns
26
What are Dimensional words?
These words are adjective pairs that indicate dimensions of objects (big/little -usually first pair mastered)
27
What are Relational words?
Terms that express relationships in domains such as color, location size, family roles, and temporal sequences (are relative and can be difficult)
28
By what age can a child name blue, yellow, red?
4 or 5 years old
29
What are Spatial words?
They indicate location of a referent in relation to some item (in, out, behind, under)
30
By what age can most children master Spatial words??
5 years of age
31
What is a kinship word?
a word that describes family
32
Which kinship words devlop initially
The ones that refer to immediate family (mother, father, sister, brother)
33
What are Temportal words?
Refer to how things are related to each other in time.
1. Refer to how things are related to each other
2. Words indicating time (simultaneous)
3. Order
4. Duration
34
What is a Discourse?
A series of consecutive utterances shared by at least 2 people
35
What is cohesion?
refers to the relatedness of successive utterances in discourse
36
What is symbolic play?
Where the ch allows one thing to represent another
37
What is Solitary play?
Ch playing independently even if other ch are present
38
What is parallel play?
Where ch are playing near each other but not exchanging ideas
39
What is cooperative play?
Ch interacting with each other in organizing and executing an activity (sometime assign roles)
40
What is style shifting?
It is an aspect of presupposition that involves having the speaker modify how something is said based on the status of the listener
41
What are the 2 purposes of a child's storytelling?
1. to gain attention and 2. to entertain themselves
42
What is the setting of a story?
The context and the characters
43
What is the goal of a story?
It provides they characters' motivation
44
What does the episode of the story describe?
It describes the events related to the goal
45
What is the outcome of the story?
Provides the conclusion and states whether r not the goal was attained
46
What is a noun phrase?
A sentence role filled by people and objects
47
What is a verb phrase?
Actions or relationships that are central to the sentence
48
What is a determiner?
A word that precedes and modifies nouns
49
What is a demonstrative?
This, these, that, those
50
What is an ordinal?
First, second, third
51
What is a pronoun?
a group of words that can replace nouns or entire noun phrases
52
When do preschoolers begin to use noun suffixes accurately?
3-5 years of age
53
What does the derivational noun suffix -er do?
It changes a verb into a noun that names the person who engages in that action
54
What are copula verbs?
Verbs that serve syntactically as the main verb in sentences....Am, is, was, were etc. (to be verbs)
55
We can help a ch learn new words faster by _____ and ______
Simultaneously pairing a word with its referent and letting the new word in a certain context
56
Why are temporal words important??
Following directions in a classroom
57
What is a monologue?
private speech; child talks to themselves
58
What is Socialized speech?
Acknowledge parterner' utterances; increased concern with transmitting information
59
What is contextualized language?
Utterances relating to immediate context-here and now
60
What is a narrative?
Decontextualized-uses language about objects, people, events that are NOT in immediate context
61
What is child's development of narrative skills heavily dependent upon??
Cognitive Development
62
What is the Primitive Narratives/centering
There is an identifiable theme and elements are conceptually related to the core topic .....4 years
63
What are sequences/chaining?
Elements of a story are related to a central topic, but are not necessarily chronologically sequenced 3 years
64
What are heaps?
They are collections of unrelated utterances 30 months
65
What is topic Introduction?
Young preschoolers physically introdution to pictures pointing, putting objects into hand
66
At what age do most preschoolers have appropriate presupposition skills?
after 3 years old
67
What is an anaphoric reference?
The role pronouns play in referring back to words that occurred just prior to them (uses pronouns to refer back to someone
68
What is deixis?
Words that point to their referent according to speaker's perspective (Autistic kids have trouble with)
69
What is a grammatical ellipse?
A device that speakers use to eliminate information that listeners already know
70
Older preschoolers may have up to ____turns per topic
5
71
What is topic maintenance?
Speakers continue conversational topics by ontributing comments related to their partners last utterance
72
What is Conversational repair?
Behaviors that result in clarification of previous utterances and help maintain conversational flow of accurate information
73
Do preschoolers usually request repairs?
No
74
What does Wiley 2012 discuss?
Consequences of poor social skills
75
What can poor social skills lead to?
academic failure, depression, bullying
76
What is print referencing?
When an adult uses verbal and nonverbal cues to direct to diret a child to the features of written language during shared storybook reading
77
What is included in print referencing?
Commenting about the print itself, track print, ask questions about print (and/or comment)
78
What does it mean to track print?
putting finger under words as we read
79
According to Hulit et al. 2011 mothers who share more lengthy interactions concerning past events, have what effect of their children?
Their children produce longer, more detailed narratives than children of mothers who do not elaborate
80
According to Bliss, McCabe & Mahecha 2001: What should we do to build literacy?
Build a childs oral narrative skills first (having child talk about the past (what they did all day)
81
Turnbull & Justice 2012 describe what?
Print awareness, not just the cool picture on the front
82
When adults dont reference print, preschoolers attend to it only_____of the time
5-6%
83
What happens when adults reference print?
Children show increased literacy skills
84
How do we access children's morphosyntactic skills?
We count MLU
85
At what age should children start saying phrases?`
18 months if they are saying 50 words
86
What is a phrase?
A group of words that is structurally related
87
What is a clause?
Has a subject and a predicate (Black dog bark)
88
What is a sentence?
A clause that is structurally complete? About 3 years old
89
What is an adjective?
A word that describes
90
What is a determiner?
It precedes and modifies nouns . We as SLP's look for appropriate use of
91
What is a demonstrative?
(this, that,those, these)
92
What is an ordinal?
(first, second, third)
93
What is a possessive?
(my, his)
94
What is a pronoun?
a group of words that can replace nouns or entire noun phrases (I, he, she, we, you, it, they)
95
When should a child be accurate with use of comparatives, superlatives and derivationals?
3-5 years of age
96
What is a state verb?
Expresses static or unchanging condition
97
What is a process verb?
Internal activity or gradual changes in peole or things (thinking, hearing, stressing, growing, digesting
98
By what age have most children mastered most verb forms??
5 years of age
99
What is an independent or main clause?
can stand alone
100
What is a dependent or subordinate clause?
cannot stand alone
101
What is a complex sentence?
A sentence that has an independent AND Dependent clause
102
In a passive sentence, where is the noun and what is happening?
In a passive sentence the noun is in the subject phrase is passive and is acted on by noun in verb phrase
103
What 3 things can negative sentence mean?
Disappearance (all gone kitty), rejection (No treat or denial (No go poopy)
104
What is a dependent clause?
a clause that cannot stand alone
105
What are corrdingating conjunctions?
FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) child will develop "and" first
106
In the Rescoria longitudinal study,All were 24-31 months
she found that a typically developing toddler says about 230 words using phrases, Late talkers 25 words and NO phrases at ages 9-13 the LT scored in N range on language and reading tests. However they had significantly weaker language skills than their typically developing peers AT 17, LT had significantly lower scores of vocab., grammar, and verbal memory
