Developmental Milestones and Cytogenic Abnormalities

Question 1

Developmental Milestones: Gross Motor

What are the key gross motor milestones?

Answer 1

Question 2

Developmental Milestones: Fine motor

What are the main fine motor milestones?

Answer 2

Grasping and reaching:

• 3 months > Reaches for object, Holds rattle briefly if given to hand, Visually alert, particularly human faces, Fixes and follows to 180 degrees
• 6 months > Holds in palmar grasp, Pass objects from one hand to another, Visually insatiable, looking around in every direction
• 9 months > Points with finger, Early pincer
• 12 months > Good pincer grip, Bangs toys together

Building bricks:

• Think:
  
  • Time: 15 months, 18 months, 2 years, 3 years. From 15 months, add 3 months, 6 months, 1 year (difference doubles each time).
  • Number of blocks: 2, 3, 6, 9 (add one then double)

Pencil skills:

• 1.5 > 2 > 3 > 4 > 5
• Scribbles > Vertical line > Copies circle > Copies Cross > Copies triangle and square

Book Manipulation:

• 15 months: pats book
• 18 months: turns many pages at once
• 2 years: turns 1 page at a time

Question 3

Developmental Milestones: Speech and Language

What are the main speech and languagh milsetones?

Answer 3

• 3 months: Vocalize
• 8 months: Double babble “googoo gaagaa”
• 12 months: 2 or 3 words within the right context “mummy” “drink”
• 18 months: 10 words
• 24 months: linking 2 words “daddy gone”
• 3 years: full sentences, talks incessantly

Question 4

Developmental Milestones: Social development

What are the main social developmental milestones?

Answer 4

Question 5

Cytogenetic abnormalities

What are the main feautes of:

1. Patau syndrome
2. Edward’s syndrome
3. Fragile X
4. Noonan syndrome
5. Pierre Robin Syndrome
6. William’s syndrome

Answer 5

Question 6

Developmental Red Flags:

What are the main developmental red flags?

Answer 6

Question 7

Congenital infections

Outline the features of:

1. Rubella
2. Toxoplasmosis
3. Cytomegalovirus

Answer 7