Developmental Milestones Flashcards
What gross motor milestone would you expect a 6-8 week old baby to reach?
Raising head when lying prone
A baby can sit up without support with a rounded back and roll. How old are they?
6 months
What GM milestone would you want a 9 month baby to reach?
sitting with a straight back, and crawling.
What is the median age for babies to start cruising around furniture?
10 months
What age do children start walking unsupported? At what age would you get concerned if a child wasn’t walking?
12 months (concerned at 18 months)
How old would you estimate a child that can jump?
18 months
When would you expect a child to a) walk upstairs? b) hop?
a) 2 years b) 3 years
At what age would you want a child to follow a moving object with head??
6 weeks
What age does a child develop palmar grasp?
5 months
How old would you estimate a child to be if transferring toys between hands?
7 months
At what age would a child have a good pincer grip?
10 months
At what ages can children build different towers?
18m - 3-4 blocks, 2y - 6, 3y - ‘bridge’, 4y - 12 blocks
What drawings are used to estimate age?
18 m - scribble backwards-forward, verticle line - 2 y, circle - 3 y, cross - 31/2 y, square - 4 y, triangle - 5 y.
What HSL skill would you expect from a newborn?
startles to loud noises
At what age would you children start saying ‘dada’ and ‘mama’?
10 months
How many words would you want a 12 m old to have?
2-3 other than mama and dada
How many words would you like a 18 month old to have?
6-10 words.
can show you body parts.
At what age would you like children to be put words together to make short phrases?
20 - 24 m
What age should a child being constantly talking in 3-4 word sentences?
21/2 - 3 years
What age would a child responsively smile?
6 weeks
When would you hope a child to be putting food in their mouth?
6 - 8 m
When would a baby wave bye-bye?
10-12 months
How would you encourage a 18 month to eat?
with a spoon
When do children start playing?
Symbolically, generally independently - 18-24 m , interactive and takes turns - 21/2 - 3 y
when would you hope a child to be dry by day?
2 years
Also hope them to take off some clothing
What is involved in the healthy child programme?
Screening tests
Immunisations
Developmental reviews
health guidance/info
What are the 4 fields of child development?
gross motor,
vision and fine motor,
hearing, speech and language and
social, emotional and behavioural.
Developmental milestones are according to the median age, what is this?
when half the population acquire a skill
What is the limit age?
When a skill should have been acquired, further assessment required if not.
If a child was showing hand preference by 18 m, what would you be concerned about?
Cerebral palsy
If a child doesn’t smile by 8 weeks, what may you be concerned about?
blindness?
If a child isn’t responding to loud noises, what would you be concerned about?
Deafness
What are the red flags in child development?
- Regression
- Poor health/growth
- Significant FH
- Findings on examination (microcephaly, dysmorphic features, etc)
- Safe guarding indicators.
What could cause a child’s growth to regress?
-Neglect, metabloic conditions, neurodegenerative diseases (Rett’s)
What 3 questions should you aim to cover in a child developmental assessment consultation?
What is the developmental concern?
What is the cause?
What support does the child need?
What is a developmental profile?
Groups all the information together to identify what area the child is struggling the most and therefore where to give the help. It gives clues towards a diagnosis.
What is the schedule of growing skills?
A way of scoring development, can be plotted onto a graph.
What factors in childhood could affect a child’s development?
Infections (meningitis, encephalitis), chronic ill health, metabolic conditions, acquired brain injury, hearing impairment, vision impairment.
What environmental factors could cause developmental delay?
Abuse/neglect, low stimulation
What genetic factors may cause a child to have developmental delay?
chromosomal disorders (trisomy 21), micodeletions, microduplications, single gene disorders (Rett’s - only in girlds, Duchennes - more common in boys), polygentic (autism).
What factors in pregnancy could cause developmental delay?
Congenital infections (HIV, cytomegalovirus), alcohol and drug exposure, MCA infarct - cerebral palsy.
What factors at birth could cause developmental delay?
Prematurity, birth asphyxia
If a boy exceeded the limit age for walking, what condition would you be concerned about?
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy
If you suspected Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy, what test would you do and what is it testing?
Gower’s - proximal muscle weakness (in the legs)
What is the most common reason for delay?
Genetic
What test is done to screen genetic material?
Microarray
What would you expect to see in a blood sample of someone with suspected muscular dystrophy?
Elevated creatine kinase, from muscle breakdown
At what ages do children receive checks as part of the healthy child programme?
- Neonatal (within 24 hrs of birth).
- New baby review (around 14 days old).
- 6-8 week examination.
- By the time the child is 1 y/o.
- Between 2 and 2 1/2.
At these visits growth and developmental checks done, parental concerns are discussed and at risk families are identified.
