Developmental Milestones

Question 1

Newborn baby (prone)

Answer 1

Head: body weight may be on the shoulders and side of head
Scapula: scapulae are elevated and abducted
Arms: adducted, internally rotated, elbow are flexed and pronate, wrists flexed and ulnarly deviated. Thumb and fingers are flexed
Pelvis: posterior tilt. Buttock higher than head
Legs: flexed, adducted externally rotated. Knees flexed. Ankles dorsiflexed

Question 2

Newborn baby (supine)

Answer 2

• Head: positioned to the side. Total head lag. No full ROM in neck
• Scapula: elevated and adducted or abducted depending on gravity
• Arms: same as prone except more ROM with gravity
• Legs: same as prone except more ROM with gravity. -Knees do not have full ROM. Feet do not always touch surface due to flexion

Question 3

Two month old (prone)

Answer 3

• Head: more extension. Head position to floor up to 45 degree at midline
• Scapula: Adduction increased. Elevation is decreased. Depression is starting. Moves center of gravity down to pelvis
• Arms: Abduction increased. Are now a little more forward and weight bearing a little (this helps to develop head stability). Elbows are still behind shoulder
• Trunk: extension seen down top of back
• Pelvis: posterior tilt is decreasing. Pelvis and head are now level
• Legs: abduction and external rotation are increasing

Question 4

Two month old (supine)

Answer 4

• Head: full ROM to sides with much movement to sides. Rarely at midline due to lack of stability Still some head lag but starting to tuck chin intermittently
• Scapula: elevation is decreasing. Active adduction is increasing
• Arms: abduction
• Pelvis/legs: leg abduction is increasing. Still externally rotated. Kicking. The kicks are striking the lateral border of feet, which gives the baby proprioceptive input to lower extremity

Question 5

Fourth month old baby (prone)

Answer 5

• -Head control is good and at 90 degrees. back extension
• Scapular control for elebation/depression and abduction and adduction
• Arms: elbow weight bearing base is narrowing due to horizontal adduction control. Weight bearing elbows/arms in front of shoulders. External rotation control. Wrist extension starts. Weight bearing on lateral side of hand. Passive supination starts. Fingers loosely flexed. Cannot reach for toy, but can hold and mouth toy
• Pelvis is a good anchor
• Hips and knees more extended. No full ROM in joints
• Trunk lateral flexion
• Roll: prone to sidelying, give passive trunk ROM

Question 6

Four month old baby (supine)

Answer 6

• Head: midline control
• Abdominals are anchoring so head can be stable in midline
• Arms: play at midline because of the weight bearing in prone at 3 month allows control and stability for hand play. Knees are touched by hands
• Legs move in and out of flexion and extension
• Pull to sit: head stable in midline, tucks chin
• Sit with much support

Question 7

Six month old baby (prone)

Answer 7

• Head/scapula: very functional
• Arms: prop on hands which are under shoulders (arm extensor control is good)
• Pelvis/legs: starting hip/knee flexor control- preparing for creeping

Question 8

Six month old baby (supine)

Answer 8

Arms: reach with extended arms
           supination for reach 
           radial palmar graps starts 
Pelvis/legs: More extenion and bridges 
                    Rolls supine to prone

Question 9

Six month old baby (sitting position)

Answer 9

Prop short periods
Balance is starting (tilting reactions and protective extension reaction)
Cant come to sit or get out of sit
Standing- can take full weight on legs
Rotation will allow for transitional movements

Question 10

Eight month old baby

Answer 10

Prone and Creeping
- assumes creeping position and starts creeping 
- STNR and ATNR are integrated 
- rocks in creeping 
Supine
- not used 
Sitting
- refined hand use, trunk supports varied hand skills
-cant come to sit 
Standing/ Crusing/ Kneeling 
- cruises up and down from standing while holding toy 
Climing
- creeps up stairs

Question 11

Ten month old baby

Answer 11

Sitting 
- protextice extension backward 
- hand skilsl refined 
Standing/ Walking
- up and down in standing, rise to stand, supported walking

Question 12

Twelve month old baby

Answer 12

• Walks independently with high guard, lateral trunk flexion and wide base
• Good transitional skills
• Hands continue to improve in all positions

Question 13

Eighteen month old toddler

Answer 13

• Up and down stairs with help
• Walking base is more narrow, uses more rotation in walking
• Stands on one foot with help

Question 14

2 year old child

Answer 14

• Walks with arms at side
• Kicks a ball
• Jumps off floor
• Takes off pants
• Runs
• Builds tower of eight blocks
• Imitates horizntal and veritcal strokes

Question 15

3 year old child

Answer 15

• Walks with reciprocal arm swing
• Rides tricycle
• Strings beads
• Copies a circle