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Child health > Developmental milestones > Flashcards

Developmental milestones Flashcards

1
Q

At the age of 6 weeks, describe a childs gross motor skills, fine motor skills, language and hearing and social and play characteristics

A

Gross motor- Head control in vertical
Fine motor- Responds to torch
Language and hearing- Stills to voice
Social and play- Social smile

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2
Q

At 3 months, describe a childs gross motor skills, fine motor skills, language and hearing and social and play characteristics

A

Gross motor- no head lag on pulling to sit
Fine motor- regards hands in the midline
Language and hearing-Vocalises with familiar person- laughs and coos
Social and play- Reacts pleasurably to familiar situations

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3
Q

At 6 months, describe a childs gross motor skills, fine motor skills, language and hearing and social and play characteristics

A

Gross motor-Pushes up on arms in prone. Can roll from stomach to back. Weight bears on legs.
Fine motor- Transfers objects from hand to hand. Palmar grasp. Mouth objects.
Language and hearing- babbles tunefully (mamama). Screams when annoyed.
Social and play- Still friendly with strangers, plays with feet.

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4
Q

At 9 months, describe a childs gross motor skills, fine motor skills, language and hearing and social and play characteristics

A

Gross motor- Sits well and leans forwards to reach toys. Stands holding onto furniture. May crawl.
Fine motor- Using index finger to point. Picks up tiny objects between thumb and hand.
Language and hearing- Localises sound consistently. Polysyllabic babble (ahgah, ahgah). Imitates sound.
Social and play- anxious around strangers. Plays peek a boo. Object permanence.

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5
Q

At 12 months, describe a childs gross motor skills, fine motor skills, language and hearing and social and play characteristics

A

Gross motor- Cruises around furniture. May take their first step.
Fine motor- Neat, fine pincer grip. Bangs toys together. Casting toys.
Language and hearing-Knows and responds to name. Jargons vowels and consonants.
Social and play- drinks from cup
Waves bye bye

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6
Q

At 18 months, describe a childs gross motor skills, fine motor skills, language and hearing and social and play characteristics

A

Gross motor- Runs, climbs onto adult chair
Fine motor- Builds tower of 3-4 bricks. Hand preference. Enjoys picture books.
Language and hearing- 5-20 words. Points to body parts.
Social and play-Feeds with spoon. Imitates adult activities e.g. sweeping

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7
Q

describe a childs gross motor skills, fine motor skills, language and hearing and social and play characteristics

A

Gross motor-
Fine motor-
Language and hearing-
Social and play-

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8
Q

At 2 years, describe a childs gross motor skills, fine motor skills, language and hearing and social and play characteristics

A

Gross motor- Ascends and descends stairs- 2 feet per tread. Can throw a ball overhand
Fine motor- builds tower of 6-7 bricks. Circular scribble
Language and hearing- 50+ words, joins two words, talks to self, understands simple instructions.
Social and play- puts on hat and shoes. Developing symbolic play e.g. feeding teddy.

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9
Q

At 3 years, describe a childs gross motor skills, fine motor skills, language and hearing and social and play characteristics

A

Gross motor- Up stairs with alternating feet. Stands on one foot momentarily. Pedals trike.
Fine motor-Builds tower of 9-10 bricks. Copies circle. Cuts with scissors.
Language and hearing- Knows own name and gender. Asks lots of questions, carries on simple conversation, understands prepositions.
Social and play- Washes hands, vivid pretend play, understands sharing and plays with others.

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10
Q

At 4 years, describe a childs gross motor skills, fine motor skills, language and hearing and social and play characteristics

A

Gross motor- Runs up and down stairs, can kick, throw and catch a ball, hops on preferred foot.
Fine motor-threads beads, copies cross, draws a man with head, legs and trunk
Language and hearing- recounts stories of recent experiences. Sentences 5+ words. Counts to 20.
Social and play- Dresses and undresses (except laces). Understands concept of turn taking.

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11
Q

When would it be appropriate to prescribe orlistat to a child?

A

Their weight would have to be above the 99.6th percentile

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12
Q

When would bariatric surgery be appropriate for a child?

A

Post pubertal adolescents with very severe to extreme obesity.

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13
Q

How should babies be weighed?

How should toddlers (older than 2) be weighed?

A

Babies should be weighed without clothes or nappies.

Children above 2 can be weighed in pants and a vest but must not be wearing shoes or holding anything.

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14
Q

What four areas does a child develop in?

A

Gross motor
Fine motor
Language and hearing
Social and play

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15
Q

Name the 5 primitive reflexes a baby will have?

A 
Sucking and rooting
Palmar and plantar grasp
Asymmetrical tonic reflexes
Moro reflex
Stepping and placing
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16
Q

Describe sucking and rooting

A

Sucking is that whenever something touches the babies hard palate- it sucks it.
Rooting is when you stroke the side of a babies cheek- its head will turn towards that side.

17
Q

Describe the asymmetrical tonic reflex

A

If a baby moves its head from one side to the other- it thinks its about to fall so it puts its arm in the way to catch it.

18
Q

Describe the moro reflex

A

The moro reflex is when the baby is startled by sudden noise, sudden changes in head position or by a change in temperature- it will extend its legs and head while arms jerk up and out with the palms up and thumbs flexed.

19
Q

Describe the stepping and pacing reflex?

A

When you put a babies feet onto a flat surface it instinctively starts to put one foot infront of the other.

20
Q

What is developmental delay?

A

Failure to attain appropriate developmental milestones for Childs corrected chronological age.
It can be global or specific.

21
Q

Name the red flags in developmental delay

A 
Asymmetry of movement
Not reaching for objects by 6 months
Unable to sit unsupported by 12 months
Unable to walk by 18 months- check CK
No speech at 18 months
Concerns re vision or hearing
Loss of skills
22
Q

What is global developmental delay?

A

When there is a significant delay in 2 or more of the categories- gross/fine motor, speech/language, cognition, social/personal

23
Q

What are the types of specific developmental delays you can get and give an example?

A

Motor developmental delay- cerebral palsy
Language delays- specific language impairment
Sensory deficits- oculocutaneous albinism, treacher Collins
Developmental deviations- autism spectrum disorder.

24
Q

What is it called when a patient has cerebral palsy with just one arm and one leg affected?

A

Hemiplegic

25
Q

What is it called when a patient has both legs affected by cerebral palsy?

A

Paraplegic

Or diplegic if some of the arm is affected

26
Q

What is it called when all of a patients limbs are affected by cerebral palsy?

A

Quadriplegic

27
Q

What makes up the autistic triad?

A

Lack of :
Flexible thought/imagination
Social interaction
Communication

28
Q

What are expressive and receptive languages?

A

Expressive- using words to express feelings

Receptive- understanding what is being said to you.

29
Q

Autism and expressive and receptive languages?

A

Receptive- would be delayed. Would be better at expressive than receptive. Find abstract language use more difficult. However visually more able.
Expressive- delayed also. Echoes others. Chunks of video speech and odd intonation/pitch.

30
Q

How are autistic sufferers with non-verbal language?

A

They don’t seem to understand facial expressions or gestures. Also not good with eye contact or recognising the intentions of others.

31
Q

Autistic people tend to have … habits

A 
Tend to like routine
Have restrictive interests 
Lack of awareness of reciprocal nature of conversation.,
Don't understand turn taking
Unable to share pleasure
Not motivated by need for social approval
Show little empathy
Can't see others point of view
32
Q

Sensory issues you may find associated with autism

A

Fussy eaters
Textures of clothing
Hair washing and nail cutting

33
Q

what should you ask in a history of suspected developmental delay?

A 
Concerns- PC
Past medical history
Perinatal and birth
Family and social
Developmental
Play and behaviour
School/nursery
34
Q

What investigations may be done into developmental delay?

A

Look at chromosomes (e.g. for Downs syndrome)
Fragile X
Oligoarray (genetic test)
Comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH- genetic test)
Phenylketonuria- rare but potentially fatal inherited disorder.
Creatinine kinase
Thyroid studies.

Child health (3 decks)

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