developmental milestones

Question 1

What systems emerge during the newborn phase?

Answer 1

All organs start to adjust to life, especially cardiovascular, and senses start

Includes vestibular and tactile input leading to gross motor activity.

Question 2

What is the significance of visual, auditory, and tactile stimulation in newborns?

Answer 2

They are critical for sensory development

These stimuli help in the adjustment of the newborn’s sensory systems.

Question 3

What is gestational age?

Answer 3

Mother’s last period

It is used to assess the age of the fetus during pregnancy.

Question 4

Define post conceptual age.

Answer 4

Weeks of age at birth + weeks of age since birth

This term helps in understanding the actual age of the infant considering gestation.

Question 5

What is corrected age?

Answer 5

Chronological age – prematurity

This is used to evaluate the development of premature infants.

Question 6

What are signs of stress in a preemie?

Answer 6

• Autonomic: color, vitals, tremors
• Motor: finger splaying, change in muscle tone
• State: gaze aversion, panic look
• Attention

These signs indicate distress in premature infants.

Question 7

What is hypotonia?

Answer 7

Reduced muscle tone

It is often observed in premature infants and can affect their motor development.

Question 8

What is neuroplasticity?

Answer 8

Ability of the nervous system to reorganize its structure, function, and connections in response to stimuli

Essential for recovery and adaptation in developing infants.

Question 9

What gross motor skills develop during early infancy (0-3 months)?

Answer 9

Reflexes and prone head position

These skills are foundational for later motor development.

Question 10

What cognitive-language skills are evident in early infancy?

Answer 10

Crying and cooing

These are primary forms of communication in newborns.

Question 11

What gross motor skills are developed during middle infancy (4-6 months)?

Answer 11

Prone to supine to prone and midline behavior

These skills indicate increasing strength and coordination.

Question 12

Describe fine motor skills in late infancy (7-9 months).

Answer 12

Grasp development and eating well from a spoon

These skills signify advancement in hand-eye coordination and feeding abilities.

Question 13

What cognitive milestone is achieved in transitional infancy (10-12 months)?

Answer 13

First true word

This marks a significant step in language development.

Question 14

What are the gross motor skills in the second year of life?

Answer 14

• Walks independently
• Runs
• Climbs
• Jumping

These skills reflect increased mobility and physical confidence.

Question 15

What personal development occurs during preschool age (3-5 years)?

Answer 15

Role-playing and understanding emotions in socially appropriate ways

This stage is crucial for social and emotional development.

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The term _______ refers to the ability of the nervous system to adapt and reorganize in response to stimuli.

Answer 16

neuroplasticity

Question 17

True or False: Reflexes are not important in the gross motor development of newborns.

Answer 17

False

Reflexes are essential for assessing newborn motor skills.