Developmental Milestones Flashcards
Pulls to sit, with no head lag
Average age of attainment?
Developmental domain?
3 mos, gross motor
Muscle tone
Holds head steady while sitting
Average age of attainment?
Developmental domain?
2 mo, gross motor
- Allows more visual interaction
Brings hands together in midline
Average age of attainment?
Developmental domain?
3 mos, gross motor
- Self-discovery of hands
Asymmetric tonic neck reflex gone
4 mos, gross motor
- Can inspect hands in midline
Sits without support
6 mos, gross motor
- Increasing exploration
Rolls back to stomach
- 5 mos, gross motor
- Truncal flexion, risk of falls
Walks alone
12 mos, gross motor
- Exploration, control of proximity to parents
Runs
16 mos, gross motor
- Supervision more difficult
Grasps rattle
- 5 mos, fine motor
- Object use
Reaches for objects
4 mos, fine motor
- Visuomotor coordination
Palmar grasp gone
4 mos, fine motor
- Voluntary release
Transfers object hand to hand
- 5 mos, fine motor
- Comparison of objects
Thumb-finger grasp
8 mos, fine motor
- Able to explore small objects
Turns pages of book
12 mos, fine motor
- Increasing autonomy during book time
Scribbles
13 mos, fine motor
- Visuomotor coordination
Builds tower of 2 cubes
15 mos, fine motor
- Uses objects in combination
Builds tower of 6 cubes
22 mos, fine motor
- Requires visual, gross, and fine motor coordination
Smiles in response to face, voice
- 5 mos, communication and language
- More active social participant
Monosyllabic babble
6 mos, communication and language
- Experimentation with sound, tactile sense
Inhibits to “no”
7 mos, communication and language
Response to tone (nonverbal)
Follows one-step command with gesture
7 mos, communication and language
- Nonverbal communication
Follows one-step command without gesture
10 mos, communication and language
- Verbal receptive language (e.g., “Give it to me”)
Says “mama” or “dada”
10 mos, communication and language
- Expressive language
Points to objects
10 mos, communication and language
- Interactive communication
Speaks first real word
12 mos, communication and language
- Beginning of labeling
Speaks 4-6 words
15 mos, communication and language
- Acquisition of object and personal names
Speaks 10-15 words
18 mos, communication of language
- Acquisition of object and personal names
Speaks 2-word sentences (e.g., “Mommy shoe”)
19 mos, communication and language
- Beginning grammaticization, corresponds with 50 word vocabulary
Stares momentarily at spot where object disappeared
2 mos, cognitive
- Lack of object permanence (out of sight, out of mind [e.g., yarn ball dropped])
Stares at own hand
4 mos, cognitive
- Self-discovery, cause and effect
Bangs 2 cubes
8 mos, cognitive
- Active comparison of objects
Uncovers toy (after seeing it hidden)
8 mos, cognitive
- Object permanence
Egocentric symbolic play (e.g., pretends to drink from cup)
12 mos, cognitive
- Beginning symbolic thought
Uses stick to reach toy
17 mos, cognitive
- Able to link actions to solve problems
Pretend play with doll (e.g., gives doll bottle)
17 mos, cognitive
- Symbolic thought
Prone: Lies in flexed attitude; turns head from side to side; head sags on ventral suspension
Neonatal period (<1 mo)
Supine: Generally flexed and a little stiff
<1 mo
Visual: May fixate face on light in line of vision; “doll’s-eye” movement of eyes on turning of the body
<1 mo
Reflex: Moro response active; stepping and placing reflexes; grasp reflex active
< 1 mo
Social: Visual preference for human face
< 1 mo
Prone: Legs more extended; holds chin up; turns head; head lifted momentarily to plane of body on ventral suspension
1 mo
Supine: Tonic neck posture predominates; supple and relaxed; head lags when pulled to sitting position
1 mo
Visual: Watches person; follows moving object
1 mo
Social: Body movements in cadence with voice of other in social contact; beginning to smile
1 mo
Prone: Raises head slightly farther; head sustained in plane of body on ventral suspension
2 mo
Supine: Tonic neck posture predominates; head lags when pulled to sitting position
2 mos
Visual: Follows moving object 180 degrees
2 mos
Social: Smiles on social contact; listens to voice and coos
2 mos
Prone: Lifts head and chest with arms extended; head above plane of body on ventral suspension
3 mos
Supine: Tonic neck posture predominates; reaches toward and misses objects; waves at toy
3 mos
Sitting: Head lag partially compensated when pulled to sitting position; early head control with bobbing motion; back rounded
3 mos
Reflex: Typical Moro response has not persisted; makes defensive movements or selective withdrawal reactions
3 mos
Social: Sustained social contact; listens to music; says “aah, ngah”
3 mos
Prone: Lifts head and chest, with head in approximately vertical axis; legs extended
4 mos
Supine: Symmetric posture predominates, hands in midline; reaches and grasps objects and brings them to mouth
4 mos
Sitting: No head lag when pulled to sitting position; head steady, tipped forward; enjoys sitting with full truncal support
4 mos
Standing: When held erect, pushes with feet
4 mos
Adaptive: Sees pellet, but makes no move to reach for it
4 mos
Social: Laughs out loud; may show displeasure if social contact is broken; excited at sight of food
4 mos
Prone: Rolls over; pivots; crawls or creep-crawls (Knobloch)
7 mos
Supine: Lifts head; rolls over; squirms
7 mos
Sitting: Sits briefly, with support of pelvis; leans forward on hands; back rounded
7 mos
Standing: May support most of weight; bounces actively
7 mos
Adaptive: Reaches out for and grasps large object; transfers objects from hand to hand; grasp uses radial palm; rakes at pellet
7 mos
Language: Forms polysyllabic vowel sounds
7 mos
Social: Prefers mother; babbles; enjoys mirror; responds to changes in emotional content of social contact
7 mos
Sitting: Sits up alone and indefinitely without support, with back straight
10 mos
Standing: Pulls to standing position; “cruises” or walks holding on to furniture
10 mos
Motor: Creeps or crawls
10 mos
Adaptive: Grasps objects with thumb and forefinger; pokes at things with forefinger; picks up pellet with assisted pincer movement; uncovers hidden toy; attempts to retrieve dropped object; releases object grasped by other person
10 mos
Language: Repetitive consonant sounds (“mama,” “dada”)
10 mos
Social: Responds to sound of name; plays peek-a-boo or pat-a-cake; waves bye-bye
10 mos
Motor: Walks with one hand held (48 wk); rises independently, takes several steps (Knobloch)
1 yr
Adaptive: Picks up pellet with unassisted pincer movement of forefinger and thumb; releases object to other person on request or gesture
1 yr
Language: Says a few words besides “mama,” “dada”
1 yr
Social: Plays simple ball game; makes postural adjustment to dressing
1 yr
Motor: Walks alone; crawls up stairs
15 mos
Adaptive: Makes tower of 3 cubes; makes a line with crayon; inserts raisin in bottle
15 mos
Language: Jargon; follows simple commands; may name a familiar object (e.g., ball); responds to his/her name
15 mos
Social: Indicates some desires or needs by pointing; hugs parents
15 mos
Motor: Runs stiffly; sits on small chair; walks up stairs with one hand held; explores drawers and wastebaskets
18 mos
Adaptive: Makes tower of 4 cubes; imitates scribbling; imitates vertical stroke; dumps raisin from bottle
18 mos
Language: 10 words (average); names pictures; identifies one or more parts of body
18 mos
Social: Feeds self; seeks help when in trouble; may complain when wet or soiled; kisses parent with pucker
18 mos
Motor: Runs well, walks up and down stairs, one step at a time; opens doors; climbs on furniture; jumps
24 mos
Adaptive: Makes tower of 7 cubes (6 at 21 mo); scribbles in circular pattern; imitates horizontal stroke; folds paper once imitatively
24 mos
Language: Puts 3 words together (subject, verb, object)
24 mos
Social: Handles spoon well; often tells about immediate experiences; helps to undress; listens to stories when shown pictures
24 mos
Motor: Goes up stairs alternating feet
30 mos (2.5 yo)
Adaptive: Makes tower of 9 cubes; makes vertical and horizontal strokes, but generally will not join them to make cross; imitates circular stroke, forming closed figure
30 mos (2.5 yo)
Language: Refers to self by pronoun “I”; knows full name
30 mos (2.5 yo)
Social: Helps put things away; pretends in play
30 mos (2.5 yo)
Motor: Rides tricycle; stands momentarily on one foot
36 mos (3 yo)
Adaptive: Makes tower of 10 cubes; imitates construction of “bridge” of 3 cubes; copies circle; imitates cross
36 mos (3yo)
Language: Knows age and sex; counts 3 objects correctly; repeats 3 numbers or a sentence of 6 syllables; most of speech intelligible to strangers
36 mos (3 yo)
Social: Plays simple games (in “parallel” with other children); helps in dressing (unbuttons clothing and puts on shoes); washes hands
36 mos (3 yo)
Motor: Hops on one foot; throws ball overhand; uses scissors to cut out pictures; climbs well
48 mos (4 yo)
Adaptive: Copies bridge from model; imitates construction of “gate” of 5 cubes; copies cross and square; draws man with 2 to 4 parts besides head; identifies longer of 2 lines
48 mos (4yo)
Language: Counts 4 pennies accurately; tells story
48 mos (4 yo)
Social: Plays with several children, with beginning of social interaction and role-playing; goes to toilet alone
48 mos (4 yo)
Motor: Skips
60 mos (5 yo)
Adaptive: Draws triangle from copy; names heavier of 2 weights
60 mos (5 yo)
Language: Names 4 colors; repeats sentence of 10 syllables; counts 10 pennies correctly
60 mos (5 yo)
Social: Dresses and undresses; asks questions about meaning of words; engages in domestic role-playing
60 mos (5 yo)
