Developmental Dysarthria

Question 1

Developmental Dysarthria

Answer 1

• Neurogenic motor speech impairment which is characterised b slow, weak, imprecise and/or uncoordinated movements of the speech musculature
  Developmental - born with it

Question 2

Key findings

Answer 2

• CA used, work to deal with issues of time, timing and speaker transfer
• Turn construction is collaborative
• Peers often complete CA mediated contributions
• Meta interactional prompts - provide strongly predefined framework for what SWD should do next - can be described as pre beginnings (CW)

Question 3

Meta-interactional prompts

Answer 3

• Provide strongly pre-defined framework for what speaker should do next (can be described as pre beginnings CW)
• Typically bring about sequences of turns whereby prompt is followed by CA mediated turn
• Makes the organisation of the conversation the explicit business of the conversation - proposes how the immediately next sequence of turns may be organised
• CA mediated turns following Q/MP are constrained on how they may be produced if they are to be relevant
• Could be aimed at eliciting questions in the next turn
• Share design features with FPP constructed as Q, CA turn usually provides SPP answers

Question 4

Natural speaking child (Clarke et al 13)

Answer 4

• Seen to orient to the pre-beginnings of their CP Voca M turns in various ways
• Might wait in silence/produce talk that co-occurs with pre beginnings
• Co-occuring talk designed and motivated to enhance progressively of speaker transition

Question 5

Clarke et al (13)

Answer 5

• CA use often embedded within e-part Q-A-R exchanges - naturally speaking child asks a question, that can only be reasonably answered by child with CA, which is subsequently responded to by naturally speaking child
• Intra turn silences usually treated as problematic if not occupied with some mutually recognisable shared activity, but silences filled with VOCA operation so not treated as problematic
• Consequences of delayed progressively and lack of predictability of the VMT revealed in difficulties in a accurately judging the end of a SWD turn

Question 6

Clarke and wells

Answer 6

• CAM turns generated outside turn-taking framework set up by questions/MP may be more difficult to understand
• Test questions - CP provides a framework for a certain type of next action
• VOCA M contributions significantly slower in production than spoken contributions - progressively episodes involving voice use are relatively disrupted

Question 7

Gaze - Clarke et al

Answer 7

• Orientation from device to CP (GW)
• Can physically orient towards VOCA by looking at the device
• Looking away from device signals turn completion

Question 8

Asymmetry

Answer 8

• Interaction between adults and children using CA - adults produce higher frequency of contributions and turns designed as yes/no Q than typical conversation
• Children using CA demonstrate passive role in interaction, acting as respondents to questions often with single word responses and employing a limited range of speech acts (CW)

Question 9

Implications

Answer 9

• Features such as aided speakers’ increased frequency of initiation and broadening a range of communicative functions used are common goals
• Also explore peer education regarding the characteristics and difficulties of communication w/o speech and the effective use of CA
• Way of working with children who use CA and their peers together