Developmental Disturbances Flashcards by Zainab Shakeel Shaikh 21902031

Inherited disorder ave

Caused by abnormality in genetic makeup

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Congenital disorder are

’ Present at birth
May be inherited or developmental cause of congenital disorder is unknown

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Disorders are due to

Abnormalities in differentiation of dental Lamina and tooth germs

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8 anomalies of teeth

No. Of teeth
Size of teeth
Form of teeth (shape )
Tooth structure ] abnormalities in histo differentiation

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Anodontia is

Complete congenital absence of teeth in one or more dentition. Failure of teeth to develop (same as genesis
Of teeth)

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Hypodontia is

Having les than 6 congenitally missing teeth (partial anodontia)

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Oligodontia is

Subdivision of hypodontia ‘ having 6 or more congenitally missing teeth

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Hyper dontia is also called

Polydontia - presence of extra teeth
Maybe single ol multiple as in
Cleidocranial dysplasia

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Anodontia is

Rare condition - mutation is some of regulatory control genes
When it occur it is usually a part of craniofacial and developmental syndromes like ectodermal dysplasia syndrome

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Ectodermal dysplasia is hereditary or congenital

Hereditary

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5 clinical features of ectodermal dysplasia syndrome

Hypotrichosis (lack of hair)
Dental anomalies ( anodontia, hypodontia, oligodontia)
Hypohydrosis and anhydrosis (dryness of skin)
Oncyhodysplasia (abnormal nails)
Depressed nasal brush frontal bossing prominent ears parting averted lips

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Dental anomalies may include

Anodontia hypodontia taurodontism of deciduous molars
Permanent dentition limited to
Maxilla- CI first molar and canine
Mandible- canine first pm and first molar
Deficient alveolar ridges associated with hypodontia
Underdeveloped jaws
Malformed teeth
Cleft lip palate
Absence of lingual frenulum

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Hypodontia is more or less Mormon than anodontia

More common

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Hypodontia asssociated with

Ectodermal dysplasia condition

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Genes affected in hypodontia

Pax9 and MSX1 genes transcription factors as chromosome 14 involved
Genes encodes transcription factors that function in development of derivatives of pharyngeal pouch (teeth, skeleton, thymus)

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Teeth most commonly affected in hypodontia is

Permanent upper lateral incisor lower 2nd pm and 3rd molars are missing
In deciduous dentition central incisor are commonly affected misssing with failure of permanent successor formation
Hypodontia in deciduous dentition is uncommon

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Supernumerary teeth or hyperdontia is associated with what defects

Cleft palate, cleidocranial dysplasia and gardners syndrome

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Hyperdontia may develop in any

Tooth bearing area but occur most frequently in
Anterior and molar region of maxilla
Followed by premolar region of mandible

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Hyperdontia is more common in

Females

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Hyperdontia can arise problems that are

May prevent eruption cause malposition or resorption of adjacent teeth
Majority have conical peg shape

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Cleidocranial dysplasia is inherited as

Autosomal dominant trait chromosome 6 the gene encodes (BFA_ protein necessary for skeletal development

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Cleidocranial dysplasia 5 clinical features

Aplasia of clavicles
Delayed ossification of flatness
Enlargement of cranium
Short stature
Multiple extra teeth
Bulgin Calvaria
Depressed nasal bridg
Hypoplastic maxillary and zygomatic bones
Persistence of primary dentition
Posterior cross bite class 3 malocclusion

Supernumerary teeth problems are

Crowding
Improper cleaning
Caries

Natal means

Present at birth

Neonatal teeth means

Present within 30 days of birth

95% of natal teeth are prematurely erupting

Primary central incisors

Size of teeth and jaws are controlled by

Genetic and environmental factors

Microdontia of whole dentition may be seen in

Down syndrome Congenital heart disease

Disturbance of tooth may involve crown commonly seen in

Maxillary permanent lateral incisors (peg shape) Pm and molars may show an increase or decrease in no of cusps Pulp chamber may show variation in size

Dens in dente ( dens invaginatus) is

Distortion of enamel organ Aberrant crown forms in which there us commonly a communication btw surface of crown and pulp chamber

Dens in dente type 1 is

Invaginatus lined with enamel inside crown which leant extend beyond cej

Dens in dente type 2 means

Invaginatus lined with enamel up to inside of root beyond cej

Dens in dente type 3 means

Invaginatus lined with enamel extends through root to form additional apical or lateral foremen

Dens evaginatus unusual form is

Talon cusp anterior teeth

Enamel pearl is

Drop of enamel or crown surface or root surface commonly seen in molars PDL cannot attach to enamel pearl periodontal pocket formed

Dilaceration means

Deformity in which crown or root of tooth is displaced from its normal adjustment with the rooot or crown so tooth is severely bend along its long axis

Dilacceration is caused by

Acute mechanical trauma especially intrusion injuries to primary dentition most frequently with maxillary incisors may cause difficulty in eruption\ not erupt at all

Taurodontism is

A tooth in which pulp chamber has a greater apricot occlusal height than in normal teeth no constriction at level of cej pulp chamber extends apically beyond the neck of tooth and bifurcation become close to apex

Taurodontism anomaly affects

Multirooted teeth and is caused by failure of hertwigs sheath to invanginate at proper level

Taurodontism is not seen in

Primary dentition

Taurodontism associated defects

Trisomy 21 and ED

Double teeth commonly seen in

Primary dentition

Double teeth is

Developmental anomaly where 2 teeth are joined together Teeth appear joined at crown root or both

Which teeth are most commonly affected in double teeth

Incisors and canines most frequently affected Mandibular anterior ommonly affected in primary teeth

Fusion is

Union btw denting and or enamel of 2 or more eparate developing teeth 2 buds joining together no of teeth less

Germination is

Partial development of 2 teeth from single tooth bud following incomplete division. One of tooth bus breaks int tooth no of teeth more

Concrescence is

Acquired disorder which root of one or more teeth are united by cementum alone after formation

Concrescence is seen commonly in

Permanent dentition roots of maxillary 2nd and 3rd molars following hypercementosis associated w chronic inflammation

Hypercementosis is

Developmental anomalies associated with pagets disease Increased cementum May cause Concrescence or ankylosis Related to PDL diseases

Supernumerary roots are

Presence of accessory root compared to normal Uncommon and may occur in both dentition

Supernumerary roots commonly seen in

3rd molar mandbular cuspid and pm most commonly affected

Significance of supernumerary root

RCT and extraction

Hutchinson incisor or they are feature of

Screwdriver shaped incisor Congenital syphilis Upper and lower incisor may be affected

Mulberry molars show

Numerous disorganized globula projection on occlusal surface Treponema palladium can cross placenta Congenital syphilis