Developmental Disorders Test 1

Question 1

Prenatal

Answer 1

before birth

Question 2

Perinatal

Answer 2

around birth

Question 3

postnatal

Answer 3

after birth

Question 4

Gestational Age

Answer 4

37-42 weeks = Full term

• below 37 is preterm
• after 42 weeks postterm

Question 5

32-36 weeks

Answer 5

preterm, NOT high risk

Question 6

28-32 weeks

Answer 6

preterm w/ moderately high risk

Question 7

below 28 weeks

Answer 7

preterm w/ high risk

-22 youngest to live

Question 8

Correct for premature age up to

Answer 8

1 year

ie 6 month yr old born at 28 weeks, adjusted age 3 month

Question 9

APGAR score
8-10
5-7

Answer 9

decide if life saving procedures are needed, tested 1 & 5 min after birth, not a predictor of long term problems
8-10:satisfactory cardiovascular
5-7: oxygen should be administered

Question 10

full term birth weight

Answer 10

2500-4100 grams ( 5.5-9 lbs)

Question 11

low birth weight (LBW)

Answer 11

below 2500 grams (5.5 lbs)

Question 12

very low birth weight ( VLBW)

Answer 12

below 1500 grams (3.3lbs)

Question 13

extremely low birth weight( ELBW)

Answer 13

below 1000 grams ( 2.2 lbs)

Question 14

SGA- small for gestational age

Answer 14

below 10 percentile ( weight, height, length, head size )

may be related to genetic disorder, environment, poor prenatal car of poor nutrition of mother

Question 15

LGA- large for gestational age

Answer 15

above 90th percentile( weight, height, length, head size )

Question 16

Meconium Staining and Aspiration

Answer 16

• meconium is substance in fetus/ newborns large intestine at time of birth
• increased size of fetus (LGA) post term infants as well as prolonged and difficult delivery can cause elimination of meconium in birth canal
• aspiration of substance can lead to significant damage to pulmonary system(casutic to lung->damage to alveloi) and brain damage due to hypoxia/ anoxia

Question 17

meconium staining during delivery

Answer 17

high risk, team of neonatologists present at birth and intial care of infant
-suction and clear airway

Question 18

Problems w/ Brain Development

Answer 18

• errors in embryonic development of CNS structure
• genetic problems,
• tereatogens
• influenced by maternal diet( neural tube defect ( spina bifida/ myelomenegocele) related to folic acid intake)
• spontaneously

Question 19

Anecephaly: (absence of brain)

Answer 19

-Neural Tube defect ( cephalic end fails to close)
results in absence of forebrain, cerebrum, skull and scalp
-may have respiratory control, but blind, deaf and possible lack of consciousness
-prognosis: stillborn or will usually die within hours or days of birth

Question 20

Microcephaly

Answer 20

• Circumference of head is significantly smaller than the average for age /gender
• face continues to develop at normal rate while head fails to grow
• may be related to presence of other disorders
• poor prognosis for normal brain function
• motor abilities range from clumsiness to spastic quadriplegia
• decreased life expetency

Question 21

Porencephaly

Answer 21

• cyst like cavities form in cerebral hemisphere
• may be result of destructive lesions (stroke, infection) or abnormal development
• often see hemiplegic type presentation, delayed development, seizures, hydrocephalus, Mental Retardation (MR)

Question 22

Lissencephaly

Answer 22

“smooth head”

• lack of normal convulsions in brain
• caused by defective neuronal migration (nerve cells move from place of origin to permanent location) during development.
• Symptoms;FTT (failure to thrive), seizures, severe motor retardation, difficulty swallowing, anomalies of hands, fingers, toes
• Prognosis: may die before age 2, range of near normal development and cognition to no significant development past a 3-5 month old level

Question 23

Incidence

Answer 23

number of new cases in a given time frame

Question 24

Prevalence

Answer 24

number of individuals who currently have the disease (in a given county/area/state)