Developmental Disability 9/11 Flashcards
Developmental Disability (points 1-3) means severe chronic condition of individual that is attributed to _____________, manifested before age __________ and is likely to continue __________.
- Attributed to mental/physical impairment or combo of mental and physical impairment
- Before age 22
- Continues indefinitely
- Results in substantial functional limitations in __/7 areas (What are they?)
3/7
Self-care, self-direction, learning, mobility, receptive/expressive language, economic self-sufficiency, capacity for independent living
- DD means severe chronic condition of individual that reflects need for _____________, individualized supports, or other forms of assistance that are of ________ and are individually _________.
Combination and sequence of special, interdisciplinary, or generic services
lifelong or extended duration
Individually planned and coordinated.
B. DD in infants and young children?
Age range?
Conditions?
Birth-9
Doesn’t meet 3+ clauses in A BUT without supports, has high probability of meeting those criteria later in life.
Conditions associated with DD?
Down Syndrome, Autism, Cerebral palsy, ID, Spina Bifida
What was enacted in 1963 to plan activities and construct facilities to provide services to persons with “MR”?
Mental retardation facilities and construction act (1963)
What was the first CONGRESSIONAL effort to help people with developmental disabilities and what did it do?
Disabilities services and facilities construction AMENDMENTS of 1970
Definition of DD included MR, CP, Epilepsy and other conditions related to MR prior to age 18 and severe disability.
What was created the 7 categories of DD life-long impact and said 3+ major areas?
Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act: 1978 Amendments
What three things were created by the DD Act of 1994?
- State DD council (1 in every state).
- Protection and Advocacy System (1 in every state)
- University Centers for Excellence in DD (1 in every state) - technically 2000
State DD councils
Promote activities that change how things are done for those with DD to make them easier and tell state officials about them and the need for them.
Advocacy, capacity building, systemic change activities.
Consumer and family centered and directed manner. Community services and individualized supports.
Enable those with ID to engage in community life and be independent.
Protection and Advocacy System
Protect confidentially of client records.
Disability rights
Assisting with abuse and neglect and discrimination cases, access to tech, voting and housing and employment rights
University Affiliated Programs (UCEDD)
Education research service and dissemination
interdisciplinary pre-service prep and continuing ed., community service and dissemination
What are the two types of IDD in the DSM-5-TR
Global Developmental Delay and Unspecified Intellectual Disability
Although the ____ for ID has changed over time, the _____ of ID over the past 50+ years has been consistent.
TERM
DEFINITION
How is ID diagnosed?
Intellectual AND Adaptive functioning Deficits
In social, conceptual, and practical domains (formerly maturation, learning, social adjustment)
APA DSM and AAIDD manual
Three Criterion For ID
A. Deficits Intellectual Function
B. Deficits in Adaptive Functioning
C. Onset of Deficits during developmental period
Clinical judgment with result to IQ test, no cut off. Look at context, culture, linguistics, strengths, supports needed, improvement.
Do individuals with ID have strengths?
Yes. These are NOT incompatible with ID
How many domains of adaptive functioning are needed for criterion B to be met? How is this assessed?
One domain out of 3 (conceptual, social, practical)
Knowledgeable informants
Adaptive Behavior: Conceptual skills
Language, functional academics, self-direction, money management, time
Adaptive Behavior: Social Skills
Interpersonal skills, responsibility, self-esteem, wariness/naive, rule following, etiquette, social problem solving.
Adaptive Behavior: Practical Skills
Self-care, home living skills, work/occupational skills, safety, health-care, travel
Criterion C of ID
Onset during developmental period
Condition generally lifelong
What is age of onset for ID?
DSM doesn’t define “Developmental period”
AAIDD “before age 22”
Can an ID diagnosis be made beyond the end of the developmental period?
AAIDD: YES
Establish these deficits WERE present, evaluate past functioning.
Prevalence of ID
1% - better answer
(If asked by test scores or curves, 2.27%, 2 St dev below mean).
How was ID determined under DSM 4?
IQ score
55-70 mild
40-55 moderate
25-40 severe
less than 25 profound
Why are severity levels of ID determined by adaptive functioning rather than IQ scores?
Adaptive functioning determines level of supports required.
What % of individuals with ID are in the Mild range for ADAPTIVE behavior deficits?
85%
What grad level can people with ID achieve in terms of reading and writing?
6th grade
Can you tell if someone has ID by looking at them?
No: look at intellectual functioning, adaptive behavior, and age of onset.
Etiology of ID: What might pre-natally cause ID?
Genetic/chromosomal/metabolic: down syndrome, fragile x, PWS, PKU
Etiology of ID: What might intrauterine cause ID?
Infection/substance abuse/nutrition
FASD, Rubella, STDs, lead, mercury, iodine
Etiology of ID: peri and post-natal causes of ID?
Delivery complications/injury/deprivation
asphyxia, lead/mercury, poor stimulation,
abuse, neglect, head injury
_______is a general mental ability that includes
reasoning, planning, problem solving, abstract thinking,
comprehending complex ideas, learning quickly, and
learning from experience.
Intelligence
Gold standard IQ tests
WAIS/WISC/WPSSI, Stanford Binet, woodcock Johnson cognitive
What type of IQ test should you avoid?
Brief or narrow-band IQ tests
_______ is defined as the collection of conceptual,
social, and practical skills that have been learned by people
to function in their everyday lives
Adaptive Behavior
Issues with testing adaptive functioning
- ALL test have measurement errors
- Use standardized instrument (typical and not best performance)
- Convergent info (records, interviews)
- Masking/Cloak of Competence
- Retrospective assessment
Good measures of Adaptive Behavior
ABAS-3, ABDS, DABS, VABS-3 (Vineland)
adaptive behavior assessments should include ______ measures and more than one _________. Limitations in functioning should be consider in the context of _______ typical of peers and culture.
Standardized
Respondent
Community enviornments
In addition to standardized measures of adaptive behavior, obtain information from other sources including….
Driving record, medical records, school records, social security records, employment history, social and family history
Should adaptive behavior assessments look at capacity or maximum ability?
No, they should look at typical and actual functioning.
Appropriate measures of adaptive behavior are normed on _____
Typical population
Are adaptive behavior and problem behavior separate constructs?
Yes, no necessarily related
What skills are not assessed on current measure so adaptive behavior?
Social (gullibility/naive)
Define Clinical Judgment
Rooted in high clinical experience/expertise from extensive data
Direct experience with ID and familiarity with individual’s background and history and environments
Systematic, formal and transparent.
___ of those with ID have down syndrome, fragile X, Williams syndrome, and Prader Willi syndrome
10%
_____ with ID have NO known etiology
40-50%
Student with ID with regular high school diploma. (age 14-21 served under IDEA part B)
47%
Adult with ID living independently post high school
36%
Adult with ID ____ driver’s license or learner’s permit.
Adult with ID ___ registered to vote
Drive: 39.2%
Vote: 62.1%
