Developmental delay and disability

Question 1

Impairment

Answer 1

Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function. ( e.g. paralysis of the legs)

Question 2

Disability

Answer 2

Any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being

Question 3

Handicap

Answer 3

Impact of the impairment or disability on the person’s pursuit or achievement of the goals which are desired by him/her or expected of him/her by society

Question 4

ICF + Disability

Answer 4

An impairment in body function or structure, such as a cataract which prevents the passage of light and sensing of form, shape, and size of visual stimuli
A limitation in activity, such as the inability to read or move around
A restriction in participation, e.g. exclusion from school

Question 5

5 Stages of Grief

Answer 5

DENIAL
ANGER
BARGAINING
DEPRESSION
ACCEPTANCE

Question 6

Down’s diagnosis

Answer 6

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) may be used for rapid diagnosis of trisomy 21

Question 7

Downs initial considerations

Answer 7

Cardiac assessment
Hearing test
Refer to opthalomology
Ensure feeding established + no vomiting
Ensure newborn blood sport screening performed

Question 8

Downs + heart defects

Answer 8

40-60% have CHD

Most are complete atrioventricular septal defects

Question 9

Downs + hearing

Answer 9

Sensorineural hearing loss higher than normal population

Question 10

Downs + vision

Answer 10

10 fold increase in congenital cataract and infantile glaucoma

Question 11

Portage

Answer 11

Home-visiting educational service for pre-school children with additional support needs + their families
Takes place at home
Equips parents with skills + confidence they will need to help child, no matter child’s difficulties

Question 12

Key worker

Answer 12

Single point of contact
Supports in making choices
Ensures receive right help at right time

Question 13

Autism Spectrum disorder

Answer 13

Developmental condition affecting the way the brain processes information
Lifelong

Question 14

Foetal alcohol syndrome signs

Answer 14

Small head
Flat face
Apicanthal folds
Smooth philtrum
Thin upper lip
Small eye openings
Short nose
Low nasal bridge
Underdeveloped jaw

Question 15

Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Answer 15

Commonest non genetic cause of disability
100% preventable
Alcohol causes more serious neuro-behavioural effects to foetus than cannabis, cocaine + heroin

Question 16

Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder characteristics

Answer 16

Child can look normal
Can be v. verbal with normal IQ
BUT brains unable to process information
Executive function deficits

Question 17

Executive function

Answer 17

An ability to organize and plan
An ability to focus and maintain attention
An ability to store and retrieve memories
An ability to inhibit inappropriate actions
An ability to prevent emotions from getting out of control
An ability to understand social situations and social behaviour

Question 18

Foetal alcohol syndrome presentation

Answer 18

Sleep disturbance
Poor sucking response
Failure to thrive
Delays in walking and talking
Delayed toilet training
Hyper/hypo sensitivity to light cold pain
Difficulty in following directions
Temper tantrums + disobedience
Distractability