Developmental Delay Flashcards
1
Q
5 domains of development
A
- Gross Motor
- Fine Motor
- Speech & Language
- Cognitive
- Social & Emotional
2
Q
fine motor milestone 0-2 months
A
- hands open
- primative reflexes
3
Q
gross motor milestone 0-2 months
A
- head steady
- primitive reflexes
4
Q
speech & language milestones 0-2 months
A
- turns to voice
- coos
5
Q
cognitive milestones 0-2 months
A
following objects past the midline
6
Q
social & emotional milestones 0-2 months
A
- social smile
- self-regulation
7
Q
fine motor milestone 4 months
A
- palmar grasp
- objects to the midline
8
Q
gross motor milestone 4 months
A
- head up when prone
- rolls front to back
9
Q
speech & language milestone 4 months
A
- laughs
- routine turn taking
10
Q
cogntive milestone 4 months
A
interest in faces
11
Q
social & emotional milestone 4 months
A
engages with people
12
Q
fine motor milestones 6 months
A
transfers objects from hand to hand
13
Q
gross motor milestones 6 months
A
- postural reflexes
- sits propped
- rolls both ways
14
Q
speech & language 6 month milestone
A
- babbles
- stranger anxiety
15
Q
cognitive milestone 6 months
A
emotional development
16
Q
social & emotional milestone 6 months
A
separation anxiety
17
Q
fine motor milestone 9 months
A
- finger feeds
- immature pincer grip
18
Q
gross motor milestone 9 months
A
- crawls
- sits steadily
- pulls to stand
19
Q
speeh & language milestones 9 months
A
- mama
- dada
- babbles
20
Q
cognitive development 9 months
A
- object permanence
- peek a boo
21
Q
social & emotional milestone 9 months
A
stronger seraration anxiety
22
Q
fine motor milestone 12 months
A
- mature pincer grip
- gives brick
- throws objects
23
Q
gross motor milestone 12 months
A
- takes a few steps
- wide-based gait
24
Q
speech & language milestone 12 months
A
- first word
- understands no
25
cognitive milestone 12 months
- imitates gestures/sounds
- understands object function
26
social & emotional milestone 12 months
- waves bye bye
- points
27
fine motor milestone 18 months
- uses spoon
- stacks 3/4 bricks
- scribbles
28
gross motor milestone 18 months
crouches and stands independently
29
speech & language milestones 18 months
- 10-25 words
- 3 body parts
30
cognitive milestone 18 months
- copies actions
- symbolic play
31
fine motor milestone 2 years
- handedness develops
- uses fork
- builds tower of 6 bricks
32
gross motor milestone 2 years
jumps with two feet
33
speech & language milestone 2 years
- 50+ words
- 2 step commands
- pronouns
34
cognitive milestone 2 years
- new strategies
- tests limits
35
social & emtional development at 2 years
- tantrums
- understands no
36
fine motor milestone 3 years
- draws a circle
- undresses
- turns pages
37
gross motor milestone 3 years
pedals a tricycle
38
speech & language milestone 3 years
- 300+ words
- full sentences
- asks "why"
39
cognitive milestones 3 years
- counts 1, 2, 3
- understands time
40
social & emotional milestone 3 years
- roleplay
- shares
- separates from parents
41
fine motor milestone 4 years
- draws a cross
- buttons clothes
42
gross motor milestone 4 years
- hops on one foot
- climbs stairs
43
speech & language milestone 4 years
- tells stories
- uses tenses
44
cognitive milestones 4 years
- counts to 4
- identifies many colours
45
social & emotional milestones 4 years
- best friends
- elaborate play
46
fine motor milestones 5 years
- draws triangle
- deaws a person
- writes name
47
gross motor milestones 5 years
- skips
- may ride a bike
48
speech & language milestones 5 years
- thousands of words
- tells jokes
49
cognitive milestones 5 years
- develops literacy/numeracy
- counts higher
50
social & emotional milestones age 5
- plays games
- forms friendships
51
what defines gobal developmental delay
delay in two or more domains
52
prevalence of global developmental delay
1-3% of children under 5 years
53
difference between regression & delay
delay - achieves milestones late
regression - loses previously acquired skills
54
prenatal aetiologies of GDD
| (7)
- genetic disorders (T21)
- cerebral dysgenesis (absent corpus callosum)
- vascular (haemmorhage)
- drugs (anti-epileptic)
- toxins (alcolhol)
- early maternal infection (CMV)
- later maternal infection (malaria)
55
perinatal aetiologies of GDD
| (4)
- prematurity
- intreventricular haemorrhage
- perinatal asphyxia (hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy)
- metabolic (bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction
56
postnatal aetiologies of GDD
| (5)
- infections (meningitis)
- metabolic (hypernatermia)
- anoxia
- trauma
- other (maltreatment, malnutrition, maternal mental health disorder)
57
central causes of weakness
| (6)
- syndromic infection
- metabolic
- stroke
- demyelination
- tumour
- injury
- genetics
58
peripheral causes of weakness
- anterior horn cell disorder
- peripheral neuropathy
- NMJ disporder
- muscle disorder
59
example of anterior horn cell disorder
SMA
60
assessment of anterior horn cell disorder
- no sensory involvement
- absent reflexes
- normal bladder/bowel
61
examples of peripheral neuropathy
- GBS (inflammatory)
- HSMN
- Lyme/HIV infections
- heavy metal/toxin exposure
- critical illness neuropathy
62
peripheral neuropathy assessment
- ascending/descending weakness
- prodromal infection
- absent reflexes
- sensory & autonomic involvement
63
examples of NMJ disorders
- autoimmune - MG
- genetic - CMS
- toxic - botulism
64
assessment of NMJ disorders
- ptosis
- fatigeable weakness
65
examples of muscle conditions
- rhabdomyolysis (exercise/medication induced)
- channelopathy (periodic paralysis)
- hypokalemia (electrolyte imbalance)
- myopathy
- dystrophy
66
assessment of muscle conditions
- weakness
- preserved or reduced reflexes
- rhabdomyolysis only - intense muscle pain
67
symptoms of prader-willi sydrome
- neonatal hypotonia
- hyperphagia
- ID
- short stature
- hypogonadism
- behavoural issues
68
what impairments does rett syndrome lead to
severe motor, cognitive and communicaiton impairments
69
symptoms of rett syndrome
- regression
- stereotypical hand movements
- gait abnormalities
- motor dysfunction
- breathing difficulties
- severe ID
- autistic-like features
70
what type of condition is prader willi syndrome
rare genetic disorder
71
what type of condition is rett syndrome
rare neurodevelopmental disorder
72
what type of condition is worster-drought syndrome
congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome
73
causes of worster-drought syndrome
- perinatal brain injury
- genetic factors
- cerebral malformation
74
75
symptoms of worster-drought syndrome
- bulbar weakness
- drooling
- feeding difficulties
- speech & language delays
- cognitive impairment
- spasticity
76
what causes stroke (COL4A1)
genetic disorder affecting the collagen (necessary in blood vessel walls, fragile and prone to rupture)
77
what does stroke (COL4A1) affect
small blood vessels increasing risk of intracerebral haemorrhage, ischaemic stroke and cerebral small vessel disease
78
what type of condition is dravet syndrome (SCN1A)
genetic, progressive, severe, treatment resistent epilepsy
79
what does dravet syndrome (SCN1A) increase the risk of
SUDEP
80
what impairments does dravet syndrome lead to
significant neurological and developmental impairments
81
symptoms of dravet syndrome
- prolonged febrile and afebrile seizures
- multiple seizure types and triggers
- cognitive impairment
- behvaioural issues
- gait and ataxia
82
what is early-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
group of severe neurological disorders
83
symptoms of early onset developmental and epileptic encephalopahy
- drug resistent seizures and developmental delay/regression
- causing cognitive, motor and behavioural disabilities
84
what does early-onset developmental and epileptic encephalolopathy incease the risk of
SUDEP
