Developmental Delay

Question 1

what is developmental delay

Answer 1

failure to attain appropriate developmental milestone for child’s corrected chronological age

Question 2

what are the 3 patterns of abnormal development

Answer 2

delay, deviation and regression

Question 3

what are causes of developmental delay

Answer 3

global=downs syndrome

specific=duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

Question 4

what are causes of developmental deviation

Answer 4

autism

Question 5

what are causes of developmental regression

Answer 5

rett’s syndrome

metabolic disorders

Question 6

are developmental disorders common

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

what %age of children have global development delay/learning or intellectual disability (school age)

Answer 7

3

Question 8

what %age of uk children are on the autistic spectrum

Answer 8

1

Question 9

what are some developmental red flags

Answer 9

asymmetry of movement, not reaching for objects by 6 months, unable to sit unsupported by 12 months, unable to walk by 18 months (check CK), no speech by 18 months, concerns about vision or hearing at any age and loss of skill at any age

Question 10

what characterises global developmental delay

Answer 10

gross/fine motor, speech/language, cognition, social/personal, ADL

Question 11

what are causes of global developmental delay

Answer 11

prenatal: genetics, metabolic, CNS malformation, infection, toxins
perinatal: prematurity, asphyxia
postnatal: infection, trauma, environmental

Question 12

what gets screened for in downs syndrome

Answer 12

cardiac, vision, hearing, thyroid function, sleep-related breathing disorders, growth-charts, development

Question 13

what %age of children have congenital cardiac problems

Answer 13

40

Question 14

what can hearing problems be split into

Answer 14

conductive or sensory neural

Question 15

how often are tests run for thyroid function

Answer 15

annually for hypothyroidism then 2 yearly in adults

Question 16

is it possible to catch up in global developmental delay

Answer 16

not really

Question 17

what causes specific developmental delays: motor

Answer 17

duchenne muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, coordination disorders

Question 18

what causes specific developmental delay: language

Answer 18

specific language impairment

Question 19

what causes specific developmental delay: sensory deficits and associated delay

Answer 19

oculocutaneous albanism, treacher-collins

Question 20

what causes specific developmental delay: developmental deviations

Answer 20

autism

Question 21

what conditions are associated with cerebral palsy

Answer 21

mobility problems, spasticity and orthopaedic problems, learning difficulties, epilepsy, visual/hearing impairments, communication difficulties, feeding difficulties, sleep problems, behaviour problems

Question 22

what is an example of developmental deviation

Answer 22

autism

Question 23

what are the 3 main areas of impairment in autism

Answer 23

communication, social interaction and flexibility of thought/imagination
can also see restricted,

repetitive behaviours and sensory difficulties