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Oral Lesions > Developmental Defects > Flashcards

Developmental Defects Flashcards

1
Q

Hereditary and Genetics contributes to what percent of developmental defect etiology

A

Roughly 85%
With 10 percent inherited
And 5 percent due to environmental factors

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2
Q

One of the most common developmental anomalies occurring in the 1st trimester is

A

Cleft lip and/or cleft palate

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3
Q

Central face development begins at week

A

4 with the formation of a nasal pit or nostril

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4
Q

Upper lip forms at weeks and where does the lip derive

A

6-7
Mid-Lip from the nasal process
Lateral Lips from the maxillary processes!

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5
Q

Palate forms at weeks

A

8-12!

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6
Q

Secondary Plate is the

A

Fusion of lateral palatial shelves

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7
Q

The primary palate

A

Is the merging of the nasal processes to make the premaxilla!

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8
Q

Associated anomalies are see with approximately

A

30% cleft lip and palate patients and 50% in isolated cleft palate patients!

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9
Q

When micrognathia, glossoptosis and “bird face” syndrome occur like the image below what is the diagnosis?

—-Insert picture

A

Pierre Robin Sequence

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10
Q

When the medial nasal and maxillary process fails to merge you acquire

A

A cleft lip

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11
Q

When the palatial shelves fail to merge you will receive a

A

Cleft palate diagnosis

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12
Q

What percent of cases are cleft lip and cleft palate?

A

45% CL and CP

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13
Q

What percent of cases are Cleft palate?

A

About 30%

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14
Q

How many stands alone cases are cleft lip alone?

A

About 25%

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15
Q

What percent of adults have lip pits/Commissural?

A

12-20% of adults experience this.

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16
Q

What percent of Cleft Lips are unilateral? What is the most common side for unilateral CL and what is it’s occurrence?

A

80%of them are unilateral. 70% of the time it’s usually occurring on the left side and occurring with cleft palate!

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17
Q

What is the occurrence rate of bilateral Cleft Lips associated with Cleft Palate?

A

Approximately 85% of all bilateral cases are CL with CP associated

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18
Q

Where do complete clefts involving the alveolus usually occur?

A

Between the lateral incisor and canine

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19
Q

What is meant by a complete cleft lip?

A

The Nostril is included

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20
Q

What is meant by incomplete cleft lip?

A

The nostril is not included

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21
Q

Cleft lip with Cleft Palate occurs more in?

A

Males> Females

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22
Q

What is the prevalence of Cleft Lip and Palate?

A

3.6 out 1000 Native Americans
Asian 1.5x higher than Caucasian (1/300)
Caucasian (1/700)

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23
Q

Bidding Uvula Prevalence?

A

Native Americans and Asian 1 out of 10

Caucasians 1 out of 80

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24
Q

Commissural Pits occur normally in which gender? How deep are they?

A

Occur in men roughly 1mm-4mm in depth

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25
Q

Paramedian Lip Pits can occur?

A

Bilaterally and symmetric along the lower lip

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26
Q

Name the disease shown below that present with
oDouble lip (usually acquired)
oBlepharochalasis(eyelid edema)
oNontoxic thyroid enlgmt (50%)?

A

Ascher Syndrome

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27
Q

This commonly shows in about 80% of the adult population as yellow/white granules in buccal and lip mucosa?

A

Fordyce Granules

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28
Q

What is the diagnosis of the clinical presentation below?

Insert picture

A

Leukoedema

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29
Q

Leukoedema is most commonly associated with?

A

African Americans

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30
Q

How do you diagnose leukoedema?

A

White milky opalescent striations or marks on the cheek will disappear when you stretch their cheeks

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31
Q

Leukoedema in smokers?

A

Will be chronically worse encourage cessation to limit the behavior!

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32
Q

What is the actual percentage data in African American adults vs children?

A

It’s approximately 70%-90% in adults and 50% in children

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33
Q

What is this diagnosis?

A

Microglossia and an abnormally small tongue! Patient needs orthognathic and orthodontic surgery!

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34
Q

What is this diagnosis?

A

Macroglossia abnormally large tongue

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35
Q

What is the etiology of primary macroglossia?

A

Congenital and hereditary
Beckwidth and Widemann Syndrome
Vascular Malformations
Down Syndrome

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36
Q

Diagnosis of the image below?

Insert Image

A

Ankylosis

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37
Q

Lingual Thyroid is more commonly seen in

A

Women about 4-7x more common than males…

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38
Q

Lingual Thyroid is the only thyroid tissue present in about

A

70% of cases

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39
Q

Lingual Thyroid is is often more malignant in

A

Men and prophylactic excision is recommended

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40
Q

What is the diagnosis?

A

Fissural or scrotal tongue

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41
Q

What are the associations of fissural tongue?

A

Geographic tongue and xerostomia

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42
Q

What are the big 3 of Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome?

A

fissured tongue, facial nerve paralysis, & chelitis granulomatosis

43
Q

What is the diagnosis?

Insert picture

A

Hairy tongue

44
Q

Coated Tongue refers to a

A

White dorsal surface on the tongue

45
Q

What is the diagnosis?

A

Hairy leukoplakia and EBV+

46
Q

What is the most common abnormal varicose?

A

Sublingual varix affecting 2/3 or people 60 and older

47
Q

What is the diagnosis?

Insert picture

A

Caliber Persistent Artery

48
Q

What is the diagnosis?

A

Lateral Soft Palate Fistula

49
Q

Tori can occur?

A

Bilaterally and symmetrically

50
Q

Exostoses occurs more in?

A

Asian and Inuit populations

51
Q

Torus Palatinus

A

2x more common in females with a prevalence of 20-30%

52
Q

What is the bilateral prevalence of Torus Mandibularis?

A

Greater than 90%

53
Q

Torus Mandibularis prevalence is less common then Palatinus with a

A

7-10% occurrence rate

54
Q

Torus Palatinus more common in women while Torus MANdibularis is more common in

A

MEN lol

55
Q

What is the diagnosis?

Insert image

A

Reactive Subpontine Exostosis

56
Q

What is the diagnosis?

Insert image

A

Eagle syndrome or stylohyoid syndrome

57
Q

Eagle syndrome occurs more in

A

Females

58
Q

Eagle syndrome can be

A

Unilateral or bilateral and is seen in 18-84% of the population

59
Q

Diagnosis of the image below indicates?

A

Stafne Defect

60
Q

Stafne Defect has a predilection for

A

For men in about 80-90% of cases

61
Q

Why do cyst increase in size?

A

Hydrostatic Luminal Pressure

62
Q

Diagnosis?

Insert picture

A

Palatal Cyst of the Newborn often referred to as Epstein’s Pearls or Bohn’s Nodules

63
Q

Epstein Pearls occurs in roughly

A

80% of newborns and is quite common

64
Q

Diagnosis?

Insert images

A

Nasolabial cysts

65
Q

Nasolabial cysts are

A

3x more common in females than in men with only 10% bilateral

66
Q

What is the most common non-odontogenic cyst of the oral cavity?

A

Nasopalatine or Incisive Canal Cyst

67
Q

What is the diagnosis?

A

Incisive Canal Cyst

68
Q

Nasopalatine Cyst is more common I. Which gender and what age range?

A

Males over females. Ages 30-60

69
Q

Incisive Canal Cyst radiographically are well

A

Circumscribed and in the midline. Over 6mm around VITAL teeth!

70
Q

Medial Palatal Cyst are

Insert picture

A

Rare fissural cysts due to entrapped epithelium around fused palatal shelves

71
Q

Diagnosis

Insert image here….

A

Follicular Cysts of Skin

72
Q

Epidermis Cysts aka Sebaceous Cysts are most common in

A

Acne prone areas of the Head Neck and Back as the image below shows…

——-insert image

73
Q

Epidemics Cysts are more common in

A

Males (hygiene based)

74
Q

Dermoid Cysts (Are painless)

———image below

A

Benign cystic form of teratoma which contain tissues from all three germ layers!

75
Q

The number one site to see dermoid cysts are in the

A

Floor of the mouth or sublingual spaces

76
Q

Thyroglossal Duct Cysts

A

Occur in the midline with 50% before 20 yrs and 60-80% adjacent to the hyoid!

77
Q

What percent of Thyroglossal Duct Cysts develop sinus tracts

A

About 1/3rd of them do

78
Q

Sis trunk Procedure means

A

Cyst removal with partial midline segment of the hyoid bone and muscle along tract

79
Q

Identify the abnormality

———-insert picture

A

Branchial Cleft or Cervical LE Cyst

80
Q

Branchial Cleft Cysts are

A

Anterior or deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the lateral neck!

81
Q

Branchial Cleft cysts can occur in ages

A

10-40!

82
Q

Branchial Cleft Cysts

A

Present with pain and are often evident after upper respiratory infections or trauma

83
Q

Branchial Cleft Cysts contains

A

Lymphoid tissues and germinal centers

84
Q

Oral LE Cysts are smaller than Cervical LE Cysts

A

True

85
Q

Oral LE Cysts are

A

Asymptomatic and Uncommon

86
Q

What is the etiology of Oral LE Cysts?

A

Unknown. Blocked tonsillar crypt May be responsible for keratin filled cysts formation

87
Q

Most common Location of Oral LE Cysts is

A

The Floor of the mouth in 50% of cases!

——Insert Images

88
Q

Diagnosis?

——Insert images

A

Lymphoid Hyperplasia

89
Q

Diagnosis?

——-Insert images

A

Hemihyperplasia

90
Q

Hemihyperplasia

A

Unilateral enlargement of the face tongue soft tissue and bone
Increased in mentally disabled around 20%
Higher Prevalence of abdominal tumors!

91
Q

Diagnosis?

——-insert images

A

Parry Romberg Syndrome

92
Q

Explain Parry Romberg Syndrome!

A

Degenerative atrophy of one side of the face where the mouth and nose will deviate towards the affected side!!!!

Trigeminal Nerve affected

Higher in Females

Osseous hypoplasia

Dark pigmentation

Onset by 20 years

93
Q

You have an X-ray with thickened traveculae with opaque granular appearance. The clinical patient has 1-2 developing premolars missing and slight asymmetry. What is a likely diagnosis?

A

Sogmental Odontomaxillary Dysplasia

94
Q

What is the diagnosis?

——images

A

Crouzon Syndrome

95
Q

Crouzon Syndrome traits include

A

Premature closure of cranial sutures
Brachycepaly—-short head
Scaphocephaly——boat shaped head
Trigonocephaly-triangle shaped or cloverleaf skull

Rare mental deficiency
Maxillary hypoplasia

96
Q

What is the diagnosis?

——images

A

Apert Syndrome

97
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Treacher Collins Syndrome

98
Q

Apert Syndrome affects which chromosome?

A

The mutated growth factor receptor 2 aka FGFR2 on chromosome 10

99
Q

Apert Syndrome affects what fraction of births

A

About 1:65,000 births a year

100
Q

Diagnosis?

Patient presents with towerskull, flattened forhead , syndactly of 2-4 digits of hands, trapezoidal lips

A

Apert Syndrome

101
Q

Diagnosis?

——-images

A

Colobomas

102
Q

Treacher Collins Syndrome affects about

A

1:50,00 births a year

103
Q

Treacher Collins is due in part to a mutation in which trait

A

Mutated TCOF1 on chromosome 5!

Oral Lesions (2 decks)

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