Developmental Biology Flashcards
Name the “big six” model organisms
Mouse (Mus musculus), Chick (Gallus gallus), Frog (Xenopus laevis), Fish (Danio rerio), Fruit Fly (Drosphila Melanogaster) and Nemotode (Caenorhabditis elegans)
What does the ectoderm form?
Skin and nervous system
What does the endoderm form?
Digestive tract and associate organs such as lungs, liver and pancreas
What does the mesoderm form?
Skeleton, muscles, connective tissue, blood, heart and kidneys
What is an orthologue?
The same genes from different animals
Name an orthologue of Pax6
Eyeless
Expression of Pax6 in the legs and wings of Drosphila leads to?
The ectopic expression of (insect) eyes
What are Hox genes required for?
Anterior-posterior patterning
What is Pax6 require for?
Eye development
What is Chordin/BMP require for?
Neural development
Which organism have the fastest cleavage division?
Drosophila melangoster (Fruit fly)
Name 3 ways in which the cell cycle can be modified
- Removing the gap phase (G1 and G2)
- Shorten the S-phase (DNA replication)
- Remove cytokinesis (only nuclei divide)
What is an isolecithal eggs?
An egg that has small amounts of yolk equally distributed in the cytoplasm
What is a mesolecithal egg?
An egg that has a moderate amount of yolk that is mainly in the vegetal hemisphere (most amphibians)
What is a telocithal egg?
An egg that has a large amount of yolk that fills the cytoplasm, except for a small area near the animal pole (fish, reptiles and birds)
