Developmental Assessment in the Primary Care Setting Flashcards
Typical motor development proceeds:
cranial to caudal
- lift head from prone
- sit with trunk support
- sit unsupported
Proximal to distal
- batting at toys
- up on elbows in prone
- reach/grasp objects
- raking grasp
- pincer grasp
- lifts shoulder while prone
- can hold head up and begins to push up when lying on tummy
2 month motor milestones
- pushes up onto elbows/forearmas when on tummy
- holds head steady without support when held
4 month motor milestones
- leans on hands to support herself when sitting
- pushes up with straight arms when on tummy
6 month motor milestones
gets to sitting independently
9 month motor milestones
walks holding on to furniture
12 month motor milestones
Takes a few steps on his/her own
15 month motor milestones
walks without holding on to anything
18month motor milestones
kicks a ball, walks or climbs up a few stairs with or without stairs, runs
24 month motor milestones
30months- jumps off of the ground with both feet
skills that involve smaller, more precise movements in the wrists, hands, fingers, feet, toes, lips and tongue
fine motor skills
opens hands briefly
2 months
holds a toy in hand
uses arm to swing at toys
brings hands to mouth
4 months
- moves things from one hand to other hand
- uses fingers to “rake” food towards himself
9 months
picks things up between thumb and finger
12 months
uses fingers to feed themselves food
15 months
- scribbles
- drinks from a cup without a lid and may spill sometimes
- tries to use a spoon
18 months
eats with a spoon
24 months
- turns book pages, one at a time, when you read
- takes some clothes off by themselvs,
- uses hands to twist things, like turning door knobs
30 months
- uses a fork
- strings items together, like beads or macaroni
- puts on some clothes
36 months
communication skills- includes both verbal and non-verbal communication (gestures, sign)
Expressive language
understanding of language
receptive language
- makes sounds other than crying
- reacts to loud sounds
2 months
- makes cooing sounds
- turns head to the sound of your voice
- makes sounds back as you talk to them
4 months
- Takes turns making sounds
- make squealing noises
- blow rasberries
6 months
- makes lots of different sounds (mamaa or baba)
- lifts arms to be picked up
9 months
- calls parent “mama” or dada or another special name
- waves “bye-bye”
12 months
- tires to say one or two words
- like ba for ball or da for dog
- point to ask for something or to get help
15 months
says several single words
18 months
says sentences with 2-4 words
24 months
respnods to his/her name
6 months
understands “no”
9 months
follow single step verbal command without gesture
18 months
social smile
2 months
aware of strangers/may be fearful
9 months
plays a games like “peek a-boo” and pat-a-cake
12 months
Plays mainly beside other children, but beginning to inlude other children
24 months
- the process of recognizing children who may be at risk of developmental delays
- flexible, continuous process
surveillance
five components of surveillance
- eliciting and attending to the parent’s concerns about their child’s development
- documenting and maintaining a developmental history
- making accurate observations of the child
- identifying risk and protective factors
- maintaining an accurate record of the process and findings
testing population of children at set ages, using standardized tools, to detect those at high risk for unsuspected developmental problems
developmental screening
when should screening be done?
- standardized developmental screening tool at 9,18,24 or 30 months
- any time concerns identified through developmental surveillance
- additional screening for motor concerns recommended at 48 months
- screen for autism at 18 and 24 months
