Developmental Ages Flashcards

1
Q

Infants age range?
Infant play type?
Infant stressors?

A
  • 0 to 1 year
  • solitary
  • separation anxiety by 6 months
  • realize they are separate beings
  • can identify primary caregivers
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2
Q

Infant Stress reduction

A

encourage parents to stay, hold, meet basic needs

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3
Q

Infant Therapeutic Play

A

-less than 3 years don’t understand enough about why they are in the hospital to benefit from therapeutic play

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4
Q

How to establish rapport with infants

A

Quiet soothing gentle tones, smile

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5
Q

Toddler age range?
Toddler play type?
Toddler stressors?

A
  • 1 to 3 years
  • parallel
  • separation anxiety
  • disruption of routine
  • loss of control (confined/limited)
  • age group most at risk for stressful experience
  • cries if parent leaves
  • frightened if forced to lie supine
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6
Q

Toddler stress reduction

A
  • allow exploration but keep safe
  • routine and rituals important
  • dolls, toys from home
  • simple explanations for 3 years old
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7
Q

Toddler Therapeutic Play

A

-less than 3 years don’t understand enough about why they are in the hospital to benefit from therapeutic play

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8
Q

Establishing rapport with toddlers

A

Patience especially when they want to do their own thing

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9
Q

Preschooler age range?
Preschooler play type?
Preschooler stressors?

A
  • 3 to 6 years
  • associative
  • fear: separation, bodily injury, mutilation, dark, being alone, ghosts
  • magical thinking
  • view illness as punishment
  • cries if parent leaves
  • frightened if forced to lie supine
  • associates pain with punishment
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10
Q

Preschooler Stress Reduction

A
  • encourage parental involvement
  • simple explanations
  • clear up misinterpretations
  • safe versions of medical equipment for play, draw, paint
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11
Q

Preschooler Therapeutic Play

A
  • dolls
  • hospital equipment to deal with fear of bodily harm
  • crayons and coloring books
  • animal therapy
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12
Q

Establishing rapport with preschoolers

A

Patience especially when they want to do their own thing

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13
Q

School age range?
School age play type?
School age stressors?

A
  • 6 to 12 years
  • cooperative
  • loss of control
  • fear of death
  • fear painful procedures
  • loneliness
  • boredom
  • withdrawal
  • frustration
  • tries to act brave
  • may try to postpone an event
  • hostility
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14
Q

School age stress reduction

A
  • privacy
  • anatomically correct models/dolls
  • drawing
  • encourage school work
  • hobbies
  • friend visits
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15
Q

School age Therapeutic play

A
  • anatomically correct dolls
  • collect and organize objects (bandage, cast, tooth)
  • books “curious George goes to the hospital”
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16
Q

Establishing rapport with school age children

A

involve in discussion, respect privacy.

17
Q

Adolescent age range?
Adolescent play type?
Adolescent stressors?

A
  • 12 and over
  • “hang out”
  • fears: separation from peers
  • fear of altered body image
  • rejection
  • uncooperativeness
  • fear
  • anxiety
  • overconfidence
  • may capitalize on gains from pain
  • boredom
  • withdrawal
18
Q

Adolescent stress reduction

A
  • privacy
  • participation in decision making
  • friend visits
19
Q

Adolescents Therapeutic play

A
  • talk with friends by telephone
  • have friends visit
  • computer
  • playroom
  • “teen time” (movies, pizza party, video games)
20
Q

Establishing rapport with adolescents

A

involve in discussion, respect privacy.

21
Q

Object permanence

A

8-12 mths

-looks for parent to leave or when object is dropped

22
Q

Transductive reasoning, magical thinking, animism

A

4-7 yrs

23
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

8-12 mths

-can start at 6 months and up to 2 years

24
Q

Egocentric behavior

A

2-4 years

25
Q

concept of conservation

A

7-11 years

26
Q

ability to think abstractly

A

11 and up

27
Q

12 month old child

A
  • triples birth weight

- 6-8 teeth approx.

28
Q

expected to share

A

preschool, parallel changes to associative play

29
Q

Which hospitalized child is at greatest risk for separation anxiety when parents cannot stay? what can nurse do?

A
  • toddler
  • keep routine and rituals
  • allow to explore and have toys from home