Developmental Flashcards
What are the areas where developmental milestones are assessed?
Gross motor
Vision and fine motor
Hearing, speech and language
Social, emotional and behavioural
Why is it important to assess developmental milestones?
Allows us to consider the median age of acquisition of various skills and see whether a given child is acquiring these skills within an typical time frame
These milestones are reached in a serial manner and are not lost - if failing to meet or regressing = cause for concern
What should a typical 6wk old be able to do?
GM: raise head to 45 degrees when on tummy, stabilise head when sitting
FM/V: track objects and faces (limit 3m)
H/S/L: startles at loud noises
S: social smile (limit 8wks ?visual problem)
What should a typical 6m old be able to do?
GM: sit w/o support (rounded back), rolls from tummy-back
FM/V: palmar grasp (5m), hand-hand transfer (limit 9m)
H/S/L: turns head to loud sounds, understands “bye bye” and “no” (7m), monosyllabic babble
S: puts objects in mouth (stops at 12m), shakes rattle, reaches for bottle/breast
What should a typical 9m old be able to do?
GM: sit w/straight back (7.5m), crawls, stands holding on to surfaces
FM/V: basic pincer grip; object permanence
H/S/L: responds to own name, imitates adult sounds
S: stranger fear (6-9m-2yrs), holds and bites food
What should a typical 12m old be able to do?
GM: walk alone (9-18m) - if not by 18m then worry (?DMD, CP, hip problems)
FM/V:neat pincer grip (10m) (limit 12m); stacks two bricks, casting bricks (disappear by 18m)
H/S/L: understands nouns (where’s mummy?), 3 words (50% @ 13m), point to own body parts (15m) and on doll (18m)
S: waves bye, hand clapping, plays alone if familiar person nearby, drinks from beaker with lid; peek-a-boo
What should a typical 18m old be able to do?
GM: runs (16m), jumps (18m)
FM/V: draw lines to and fro (15m), stacks 4 bricks
H/S/L: greater understanding of nouns (show me the X), 6-10 different words
S: imitates everyday activities; symbolic play (limit 2-2.5yrs)
What should a typical 2yr old be able to do?
GM: runs on tiptoe, walks upstairs (2 foot/1 step), throws ball at shoulder level
FM/V: draws vertical line, stacks 8 blocks; some can shape match; turn several pages of a book at once
H/S/L: understands verbs (what do you draw/eat with), 2 words together, 50+ total words
S: toilet training - dry by day; pulls off some clothing
What should a typical 2.5yr old be able to do?
GM: kicks ball
FM/V: draws horizontal line
H/S/L: shows understanding of prepositions in/on (put the cat in the hat); 3-4 word sentences
S: eat skilfully with a spoon
What should a typical 3yr old be able to do?
GM: hops on one foot for three steps (each foot), walk upstairs (1 foot/1 step), walk downstairs (2 foot/1 step)
FM/V: draw circle; make a bridge or train from blocks, use scissors to make single cuts
H/S/L: understands negatives (which of these is not an animal?) and adjectives (which is red?)
S: begins to properly share toys with friends, plays alone without parents, eats with fork and spoon, bowel control
What should a typical 3.5yr old be able to do?
GM:
FM/V: use scissors to cut pieces
H/S/L: understands comparatives (which one is bigger?)
S:
What should a typical 4yr old be able to do?
GM: walk up and downstairs in an adult manner
FM/V: draw a cross, square (4.5yrs), triangle (5yrs); make a 12 block tower, make steps
H/S/L: understands complex instructions (before you put X in Y, give Z to mummy); use complex narratives to describe events
S: concern/sympathy for others, has a best friend, bladder control (4.5yrs), engages in imaginative play + observes rules (4.5-5yrs), eats skilfully with little help; handles a knife (5yrs); dressing and undressing
