developmental 1

Question 1

What week does bone and cartilage differentiates and bone develops

Answer 1

3-8th wk

Question 2

What week do mesenchymal cells condense and differentiate; first in UE

Answer 2

5th week

Question 3

What week do chondrocytes form cartilage of long bones

Answer 3

6th wk

Question 4

what week does growth of cartilage model happen

Answer 4

6th wk

Question 5

What week does primary ossification center develop

Answer 5

7-11 wk

Question 6

What week does secondary ossification center develop

Answer 6

after birth

Question 7

What week does formation of articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate happen

Answer 7

after birth

Question 8

What forms the diaphysis

Answer 8

primary ossification center

Question 9

what forms the epiphysis

Answer 9

formed by the secondary ossification center

Question 10

How are secondary curves formed

Answer 10

Weightbearing during walking

Question 11

Describe skeletal maturation during infancy and childhood

Answer 11

rapidly grows, most weightbearing

Question 12

When does posterior fontanelle fuse

Answer 12

2-3 months

Question 13

when does anterior fontanelle fuse

Answer 13

12-18 months

Question 14

When does growth spurts happen for girls

Answer 14

12-14 y.o

Question 15

When does growth spurts happen for boys

Answer 15

14-15 y.o

Question 16

When do cranial bones have complete fusion?

Answer 16

18 months

Question 17

When do all epiphyseal growth plates close

Answer 17

25 years old, but usually before

Question 18

Should you use ultrasound over epiphyseal areas in children or where there remains open growth plates?

Answer 18

NO

Question 19

What age does bone resorption exceed bone formation?

Answer 19

50 years old

Question 20

What is associated with a decrease in estrogen

Answer 20

Loss of bone mass

Question 21

Name structural changes in cartilage in older adults

Answer 21

Water content decreases, extracellular matrix becomes rigid, death of chondrocytes, hyaline cartilage replaced with fibrocartilage, decreased capacity for repair and healing

Question 22

Def of osteomalacia

Answer 22

softening of bones

Question 23

Functional impairments in older adults

Answer 23

decreased strength, flexibility, poor posture

Question 24

Prenatal diagnoses

Answer 24

club foot (talipes equinovarus), congenital hip hysplasia, congenital limb deficiency

Question 25

Infancy and childhood functional concerns

Answer 25

growth plate and cartilage vulnerable to trauma increased risk of ligament tears or growth plate fractures due to truamatic mechanisms of injury or repeated stress

Question 26

diagnoses in infancy and childhood

Answer 26

epiphyseal infection and injury growth plate fracture, apophyseal avulsion, nursemaid's elbow

Question 27

Adolescence diagnoses

Answer 27

stress fracture apophyseal avulsion fracture slipped capital-femoral epiphysis scoliosis

Question 28

Diagnoses in adults and older adults

Answer 28

back pain osteoporosis osteoarthritis

Question 29

older adult muscular system aging

Answer 29

increased rate in loss of type 2 fast twitch fibers---> less speed, less power, less mobility. slower reaction time and initiation of movement

Question 30

def of senile muscular atrophy

Answer 30

muscle wasting decreased strength, speed of contraction, decreased mobility

Question 31

What age does muscle strength decline at

Answer 31

30, 5% each decade

Question 32

What age does coordination decline at

Answer 32

30s

Question 33

What age is there a rapid decline in strength

Answer 33

70 years old

Question 34

What age is there a steady decline in strength and function

Answer 34

50 years old

Question 35

Primary motor cortex

Answer 35

controls speed and force of movement

Question 36

Supplemental motor area

Answer 36

INVOLved in preplanning movements

Question 37

premotor cortex

Answer 37

visually guided movements

Question 38

Cerebellum

Answer 38

coordinate movement based on accuracy, timing, and intensity

Question 39

basal ganglia

Answer 39

controls posture and adaptation to varying tasks or environments

Question 40

Day 6/7 after fertilization

Answer 40

implantation

Question 41

when is gastrulation

Answer 41

day 15/16

Question 42

When do the limb buds appear

Answer 42

day 28-29

Question 46

T/F: the relative type 1 and type 2 fiber ratio has reached adult level

Answer 46

T

Question 46

how many weeks after fertilization do all limb structures are present

Answer 46

8 weeks

Question 47

Sarcopenia is the decrease in

Answer 47

number of fibers, mass of fibers, and number of functional motor units

Question 48

Age girls growth spurt

Answer 48

12-14 years old

Question 49

age boys growth spurt

Answer 49

14-15 years old