Development Psychology Exam 2

Question 1

The remarkable ability that children demonstrate in their ability to understand and use language is due primarily to:

Answer 1

both biological factors and social interactions.

Question 2

Gender schema theory is an explanation of how children’s sexual identity develops that includes elements of:

Answer 2

social-learning theory and cognitive-developmental theory.

Question 3

Damage to Broca’s area results in:

Answer 3

an absence or disruption of normal speech

Question 4

grammatical morphemes

Answer 4

create meaning by showing the relations between words

Question 5

according to chomsky, a language acquisition device

Answer 5

is like a specialized organ for language learning

Question 6

which of the following best describes the relationship between brain development and cultrually organized activities in early childhood?

Answer 6

cultural emphasis on activities such as language and spatial skills can promote brain growth in teh associated cortical areas

Question 7

in Piaget and Inhelder’s classic “three-mountain problems”, when preoperational children are asked to identify the doll’s perspective, they almost always choose the picture that corresponds to

Answer 7

their own point of view

Question 8

According to Piaget, a child who reaons that it cant be afternoon yet becuase she has not had her nap is engaged in

Answer 8

precausal thinking

Question 9

caregivers who relate children’s experiences to their prior knowledge and discuss aspects of events that children find interesting are using a(n) _____ style of interaction

Answer 9

elaborative

Question 10

which of the following is NOT considered a privileged domain by CHen & Siegler

Answer 10

Chemistry

Question 11

The ability to think about other people’s mental states that develops in a child’s fourth or fifth year of life is referred to as

Answer 11

theory of mind

Question 12

according to erikson, which of the following is the major challenge for children between the ages of approximately 3-5 years?

Answer 12

Initiative vs. guilt

Question 13

____is a psychological process in which children try to look, act, feel, and be like significant people in their social environment

Answer 13

identification

Question 14

they two key processes in the social-learning view of sex-role development are

Answer 14

modeling and differential reinforcement

Question 15

Kohlberg’s cognitive developmental stages of sex-role development include

Answer 15

labeling oneself as a boy or girl, and then understanding that one’s sex role is stable and constant over time

Question 16

the sense of belonging to an ethnic group is known as

Answer 16

ethnic identity

Question 17

in a study of Margaret Caughy and her colleagures, the most common ethnicity-related messages

Answer 17

messages that emphasized cultural heritage and pride

Question 18

in freudian terms, the mental structure that develops as the infant is forced to cope with the social world is called the

Answer 18

ego

Question 19

the inhibition of an action that is already underway is called

Answer 19

effortful control

Question 20

when a child is able to regulate her emotions, discern other people’s emotions, use elf regulatory strategies, and understand the role that emotions play in social relationships, she is demonstrating

Answer 20

socioemotional competence

Question 21

researchers who investigate the contexts children experience directly in their daily lives are focusing on the _____ of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model

Answer 21

microsystem

Question 22

child care and protection that is provided by relatives other than the parents is referred to as

Answer 22

allocaregiving

Question 23

women in some villages in micronesia, the Carribean, and gambia have been found to have more surviving children when which of the following conditions is met?

Answer 23

when their firstborn child is a daughter

Question 24

on the basis of his study of child-rearing practices in diverse cultures, Robert Levine has proposed that the most urgent goal of parenting is the

Answer 24

survival goal

Question 25

parenting that includes a mixture of high parental control, physical restraint, punishment and warm affection is called

Answer 25

no-nonsense parenting

Question 26

on the bais of interviews and observations of predominantly white, middle-class preschoolers and their parents, diana baumrin and her colleagues found that parenting behaviors in 77% of their families fell into the categories of

Answer 26

permissive, authoritative, and authoritarian

Question 27

_____ is a measure that uses information on parent’s income level, education level, and occupation to assess economic hardship experience by families

Answer 27

socioeconomic status

Question 28

studies on children raised by gay and lesbain parents conclude that such children are

Answer 28

just as healthy as those raised by heterosexual parents on many measures including emotional, social, and intellectual development

Question 29

child care provided in the child’s own home, usually by a relative is called

Answer 29

home child care

Question 30

which of the following problems is associated with the social disorganization of distressed neighborhoods

Answer 30

weak social cohesion

Question 31

damage to a specific part of the brain that leads to an inability to comprehend language is known as

Answer 31

wernicke’s aphasia

Question 32

the first words that infants raised in English speaking setting use are generally

Answer 32

labels for objects

Question 33

the process of using grammar to learn the meaning of new words is known as

Answer 33

synaptic bootstrapping

Question 34

a child uses the word “doggy” only for his own family’s dog, not for other dogs. This is an example of

Answer 34

underextension

Question 35

the pragmatic us of language refers to

Answer 35

the ability to select words and word orderings that are appropriate to their particular cultural contexts

Question 36

if an infant holds up her cup and says “more” in order to get more juice, she is using

Answer 36

protoimperative

Question 37

kaira has just attempted to put her doll’s shoe on her own foot. this is an example of

Answer 37

scale error

Question 38

according to piaget, mental operarions are

Answer 38

mental “actions” in which information can be combined, separated, and transformed in a logical manner

Question 39

according to piaget, “egocentrism” referred to the characteristic _____ thinking of young children

Answer 39

“centered on oneself”

Question 40

young children’s tendency to focus on only one feature of an object is called

Answer 40

centration