Development perspectives - ethnic divisions

Question 1

what are ethnolinguistic groups

Answer 1

groups unified by common language and ethnicity

• lots of diversity in africa

Question 2

what is the relationship between ethnic diversity and growth - public goods

Answer 2

negative correlation between diversity and public goof provision (roads, health, education, security)

Question 3

what does Habyarimana (2007) do?

Answer 3

explore reasons why diversity leads to less pg provision

• runs experimental public good games using 300 people from Uganda

Question 4

what are the 3 mechanisms habyarimana looks at

Answer 4

1. preferences
2. technology
3. strategy selection

Question 5

what does habyarimana find

Answer 5

• the correlation between pg provision and diversity is mainly driven through fear and enforceablity of sanctions
• it is easier to find and fine coethnics - so easier to prevent freeriding
• more likely to cooperate with coethnics - force them to select cooperation options

Question 6

what can we learn from habyarimana
- how does this link to weak states

Answer 6

weak states cant enforce public good provisions
- so rely on informal networks to provide PG - and they exist in ethnic links

• if no institutions to enforce cooperation - cooperation between coethnics = hard

Question 7

what is relationship between diversity and conflict

Answer 7

diversity - increases likelihood of conflict
- because difficult to coordinate sharing of resources = reverse causality

Question 8

what does michalopolous (2016)
find about diversity and conflict

Answer 8

• for ethnicities that were partitioned they experience more conflict
• violence against state
• colonisers drawn by colonisers = violence
• ethnic partioning has fragilised states

Question 9

what is the reason behind why ethic diversity leads to political conflict and violence

Answer 9

• because it is instrumentalised to benefit political coalitions and seize power
• divide and rule

Question 10

Eifert (2010)

what did they find

Answer 10

• before an election (during campaign period) - increase in people that select ‘ethnicity’ as their most important form of identification
• after election - ethnicity doesnt matter
• evidence that ethnicity is used by politicians to gain more support
• create a coalition - turn majority ethnicity against minority