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Anatomy - exam II > Development of urogenital system > Flashcards

Development of urogenital system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three kidneys systems formed during development?

A

1) Pronephroi
2) Mesonephroi
3) Metanephroi

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2
Q

What gives rise to the efferent ductules of the testes?

A

Mesonephric tubules

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3
Q

What gives rise to bowman’s capsules?

A

End of mesonephric ducts

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4
Q

What does the ureteric bud become?

A

Stalk > ureter

Cranial end > renal pelvis

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5
Q

What gives rise to the adult urinary bladder?

A

urogenital sinus

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6
Q

What gives rise to the seminal colliculus (males) and the hymen (females)

A

Sinus tubercle

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7
Q

What gives rise to the rete testis (males) and the rete ovary (females)?

A

Medulla

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8
Q

What gives rises to the seminiferous tubules (males) and ovarian follicles (females)?

A

Cortex

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9
Q

What embryonic structure gives rise to the gubernaculum testis (males) and the ovarian ligament, round ligament of uterus (females)?

A

Gubernaculum

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10
Q

What embryonic structure gives rise to the efferent ductules of the testis (males) and the Epoophoron (females)?

A

Mesonephric tubules

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11
Q

What embryonic structure produces the appendix of the epididymis (males) and appendix of the vesiculosa (females)?

A

Mesonephric duct

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12
Q

What embryonic structure produces the ureter, pelvis, calices, and collecting tubules?

A

Stalk of ureteric bud

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13
Q

What embryonic structure produces to the appendix of the testes (males) and the Hydatid (of Morgagni) (females)?

A

Paramesonephric duct

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14
Q

What gives rise to the ventral aspect of the penis (males) and the labia minora (females)?

A

Urogenital folds

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15
Q

What gives rise to the scrotum (males) and labia majora (females)?

A

Labioscrotal swellings

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16
Q

What gives rise to the testis (males) and ovary (females)?

A

Indifferent gonad

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17
Q

What 2 sources do the kidneys develop from?

A

1) Ureteric bud

2) metanephrogenic blastema

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18
Q

What gives rise to the metanenephrogenic blastema?

A

Caudal part of the nephrogenic cord

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19
Q

What gives rise to the collecting tubules + major and minor calices?

A

Cranial end of the ureteric bud (undergoes many divisions)

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20
Q

What produces the metonephrogenic blastema?

A

caudal part of the nephrogenic cord

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21
Q

What structures give rise to a uriniferous tubule?

A

1) Nephron - derived from metanephric mesoderm

2) Collecting tubules - derived from ureteric bud

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22
Q

What induces branching of the ureteric bud?

A

metanephric mesenchyme

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23
Q

What induces differentiation of the nephrons?

A

Collecting tubules

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24
Q

What is involved in reciprocal induction?

A

Interaction and induction between metanephrogenic blastoma and ureteric bud

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25
What is the initial position of the kidneys?
Close to the midline within the pelvis, ventral to the sacrum
26
What are the 3 parts of the urogenital sinus?
1) Vesicle part 2) Pelvic part 3) Phallic part
27
What forms most of the urinary bladder and is continuous with the allantois?
Vesicle part of the UG sinus
28
What becomes the urethra in the neck of the bladder, and prostatic part of urethra in males, all of urethra in females?
Pelvic part of UG sinus
29
What is the primordium of the penis or clitoris?
Phallic part of the UG sinus
30
What structures give rise to the wall of the bladder?
- Epithelium comes from endoderm of vesicle part of UG sinus or ventral part of cloaca - Other layers of bladder wall come from splanchnic mesenchyme
31
What gives rise to the trigone of the bladder?
Distal portions of the MESONEPHRIC DUCTS that are incorporated into the wall as the bladder enlarges.
32
What structures does the mesonephric duct give rise to?
MALES: Appendix of epididymus, duct of epididymus, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct and seminal gland FEMALES: Appendix of vesiculosa, duct of epoophoron, longitudinal duct (gartner duct)
33
What gives rise to the median fold?
Allantois constricts (becomes thick fibrous cord) > urachus
34
What gives rise to the glans penis?
Solid cord of ectodermal cells (grows inward from glans penis to joint rest of spongy urethra)
35
What gives rise to the connective tissue and smooth muscle of the urethra (in both sexes)?
Splanchnic mesenchyme
36
What does the cortex of the suprarenal gland develop from?
mesenchyme
37
What does the medulla of the suprarenal gland develop from?
Neural crest
38
What three sources are the gonads derived from?
1) Mesothelium 2) Underlying mesenchyme 3) Primordial germ cells
39
What makes up an indifferent gonad?
External cortex, internal medulla
40
What is the fate of the internal medulla and external cortex in the indifferent gonads of a male? Female?
Male: Medulla > testes, cortex regresses Female: Medulla regresses, cortex > ovary
41
Where do the primordial germ cells incorporate (males)?
Gonadal cords
42
What is the testis determining factor?
SRY gene
43
What gives rise to seminiferous tubules, tubuli recti, and rete testis?
Gonadal cords > seminiferous cords > seminiferous tubules
44
What blocks communication between the seminiferous cords with the surface epithelium?
Tunica albuginea
45
What is the name of the mesentery that suspends the testis?
Mesorchium
46
What gives rise to interstitial cells? Where are they located?
Mesenchyme, between seminiferous tubules
47
What stimulates testosterone production?
HCG
48
What is the role of antimullerian hormone?
Surpasses development of the paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts
49
What cells produce AMH?
Sustentacular (Sertoli) cells
50
What gives rise to the duct of the epididymis?
Mesonephric tubules that become continuous with the rete testis
51
Where do primordial germ cells incorporate in females?
Cortical cords
52
What gives rise to a primary oocyte?
Cortical cords incorporated w/ primordial germ cell surrounding by a single layer of flattened follicular cells (derived from surface epithelium)
53
What produces the sinus tubercle?
Fusion of paramesonephric ducts to form uterovagnial primordium (elevation caused by this structure is the sinus tubercle).
54
What gives rise to the seminal glands?
Lateral outgrowths from the caudal end of each mesonephric duct
55
What gives rise to the prostate?
Multiple endodermal outgrowths from the prostatic part of the urethra and the associated mesenchyme differentiates into the dense stoma (framework of connective tissue) and smooth muscle of the prostate
56
What gives rise to the bulbourethal glands?
Paired outgrowths derived from the spongy part of the urethra (smooth muscle and and stoma differentiate from associated mesenchyme)
57
What gives rise to the majority of the female genital tract?
Paramesonephric ducts
58
What gives rise to the uterine tubes?
Unfused cranial parts of the paramesonephric ducts
59
What gives rise to the uterovaginal primordium?
Fused caudal ends of the paramesonephric ducts
60
What does the uterovagnial primordium give rise to?
Uterus and superior part of the vagina
61
What gives rise to the broad ligament?
Peritoneal folds formed from fusion of the paramesonephric ducts (produces both the rectouterine pouch and vesicouterine pouch)
62
What produces the urethral glands and paraurethral in females?
Outgrowths from the urethra into the surrounding mesenchyme
63
What forms the greater vestibular glands?
Growths from the urogenital sinus
64
What forms the vaginal plate?
Fusion of sinovaginal bulbs
65
What forms the hymen?
Invagination of the posterior wall of the urogenital sinus
66
What initial structure leads to the formation of the external genitalia?
Genital tubercle > primordial phallus
67
What forms the spongy urethra?
fusion of the urethral folds
68
What forms the penile raphe?
fusion of the surface ectoderm in the median plane of the penis.
69
What forms the distal part of the spongy urethra?
Ectodermal cord, which grows inward and meets proximal spongy urethra - this fusion moves the external urethral orifice to the tip of the glans penis
70
What forms the prepuce?
Circular ingrowth of ectoderm around the periphery of the glans penis, breaks down and forms prepuce
71
What forms the corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum of the penis?
Mesenchyme in the phallus
72
What develops into the scrotum?
Fusion of the labioscrotal swellings, (line of fusion produces scrotal raphe)
73
What forms the clitoris?
Primordial phallus
74
What becomes the internal spermatic fascia?
Extension of transversalis fascia
75
What structures does the ureteric bud give rise to?
Ureter, renal pelvis, calices, collecting tubules
76
What structures does the metanephric blastema gives rise to?
Nephrons
77
What structure gives rise to the urinary bladder?
Urogenital sinus
78
Where do primordial germ cells initial form?
Wall of the umbilical vesicle
79
What determines gonadal sex?
Testes-determining factor
80
What stimulates development of the mesonephric ducts into male genital ducts?
Interstitial cells (Leydig cells) which produce testosterone
81
What inhibits development of the paramesonephric ducts?
MIS, produced by Sertoli cells
82
What does the vagina develop from?
The vaginal plate derived from the urogenital sinus

Anatomy - exam II (2 decks)

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