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Anatomy - exam II > Development of urogenital system > Flashcards

Development of urogenital system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three kidneys systems formed during development?

A

1) Pronephroi
2) Mesonephroi
3) Metanephroi

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2
Q

What gives rise to the efferent ductules of the testes?

A

Mesonephric tubules

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3
Q

What gives rise to bowman’s capsules?

A

End of mesonephric ducts

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4
Q

What does the ureteric bud become?

A

Stalk > ureter

Cranial end > renal pelvis

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5
Q

What gives rise to the adult urinary bladder?

A

urogenital sinus

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6
Q

What gives rise to the seminal colliculus (males) and the hymen (females)

A

Sinus tubercle

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7
Q

What gives rise to the rete testis (males) and the rete ovary (females)?

A

Medulla

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8
Q

What gives rises to the seminiferous tubules (males) and ovarian follicles (females)?

A

Cortex

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9
Q

What embryonic structure gives rise to the gubernaculum testis (males) and the ovarian ligament, round ligament of uterus (females)?

A

Gubernaculum

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10
Q

What embryonic structure gives rise to the efferent ductules of the testis (males) and the Epoophoron (females)?

A

Mesonephric tubules

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11
Q

What embryonic structure produces the appendix of the epididymis (males) and appendix of the vesiculosa (females)?

A

Mesonephric duct

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12
Q

What embryonic structure produces the ureter, pelvis, calices, and collecting tubules?

A

Stalk of ureteric bud

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13
Q

What embryonic structure produces to the appendix of the testes (males) and the Hydatid (of Morgagni) (females)?

A

Paramesonephric duct

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14
Q

What gives rise to the ventral aspect of the penis (males) and the labia minora (females)?

A

Urogenital folds

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15
Q

What gives rise to the scrotum (males) and labia majora (females)?

A

Labioscrotal swellings

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16
Q

What gives rise to the testis (males) and ovary (females)?

A

Indifferent gonad

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17
Q

What 2 sources do the kidneys develop from?

A

1) Ureteric bud

2) metanephrogenic blastema

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18
Q

What gives rise to the metanenephrogenic blastema?

A

Caudal part of the nephrogenic cord

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19
Q

What gives rise to the collecting tubules + major and minor calices?

A

Cranial end of the ureteric bud (undergoes many divisions)

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20
Q

What produces the metonephrogenic blastema?

A

caudal part of the nephrogenic cord

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21
Q

What structures give rise to a uriniferous tubule?

A

1) Nephron - derived from metanephric mesoderm

2) Collecting tubules - derived from ureteric bud

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22
Q

What induces branching of the ureteric bud?

A

metanephric mesenchyme

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23
Q

What induces differentiation of the nephrons?

A

Collecting tubules

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24
Q

What is involved in reciprocal induction?

A

Interaction and induction between metanephrogenic blastoma and ureteric bud

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25
Q

What is the initial position of the kidneys?

A

Close to the midline within the pelvis, ventral to the sacrum

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26
Q

What are the 3 parts of the urogenital sinus?

A

1) Vesicle part
2) Pelvic part
3) Phallic part

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27
Q

What forms most of the urinary bladder and is continuous with the allantois?

A

Vesicle part of the UG sinus

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28
Q

What becomes the urethra in the neck of the bladder, and prostatic part of urethra in males, all of urethra in females?

A

Pelvic part of UG sinus

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29
Q

What is the primordium of the penis or clitoris?

A

Phallic part of the UG sinus

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30
Q

What structures give rise to the wall of the bladder?

A
  • Epithelium comes from endoderm of vesicle part of UG sinus or ventral part of cloaca
  • Other layers of bladder wall come from splanchnic mesenchyme
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31
Q

What gives rise to the trigone of the bladder?

A

Distal portions of the MESONEPHRIC DUCTS that are incorporated into the wall as the bladder enlarges.

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32
Q

What structures does the mesonephric duct give rise to?

A

MALES: Appendix of epididymus, duct of epididymus, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct and seminal gland
FEMALES: Appendix of vesiculosa, duct of epoophoron, longitudinal duct (gartner duct)

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33
Q

What gives rise to the median fold?

A

Allantois constricts (becomes thick fibrous cord) > urachus

34
Q

What gives rise to the glans penis?

A

Solid cord of ectodermal cells (grows inward from glans penis to joint rest of spongy urethra)

35
Q

What gives rise to the connective tissue and smooth muscle of the urethra (in both sexes)?

A

Splanchnic mesenchyme

36
Q

What does the cortex of the suprarenal gland develop from?

A

mesenchyme

37
Q

What does the medulla of the suprarenal gland develop from?

A

Neural crest

38
Q

What three sources are the gonads derived from?

A

1) Mesothelium
2) Underlying mesenchyme
3) Primordial germ cells

39
Q

What makes up an indifferent gonad?

A

External cortex, internal medulla

40
Q

What is the fate of the internal medulla and external cortex in the indifferent gonads of a male? Female?

A

Male: Medulla > testes, cortex regresses
Female: Medulla regresses, cortex > ovary

41
Q

Where do the primordial germ cells incorporate (males)?

A

Gonadal cords

42
Q

What is the testis determining factor?

A

SRY gene

43
Q

What gives rise to seminiferous tubules, tubuli recti, and rete testis?

A

Gonadal cords > seminiferous cords > seminiferous tubules

44
Q

What blocks communication between the seminiferous cords with the surface epithelium?

A

Tunica albuginea

45
Q

What is the name of the mesentery that suspends the testis?

A

Mesorchium

46
Q

What gives rise to interstitial cells? Where are they located?

A

Mesenchyme, between seminiferous tubules

47
Q

What stimulates testosterone production?

A

HCG

48
Q

What is the role of antimullerian hormone?

A

Surpasses development of the paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts

49
Q

What cells produce AMH?

A

Sustentacular (Sertoli) cells

50
Q

What gives rise to the duct of the epididymis?

A

Mesonephric tubules that become continuous with the rete testis

51
Q

Where do primordial germ cells incorporate in females?

A

Cortical cords

52
Q

What gives rise to a primary oocyte?

A

Cortical cords incorporated w/ primordial germ cell surrounding by a single layer of flattened follicular cells (derived from surface epithelium)

53
Q

What produces the sinus tubercle?

A

Fusion of paramesonephric ducts to form uterovagnial primordium (elevation caused by this structure is the sinus tubercle).

54
Q

What gives rise to the seminal glands?

A

Lateral outgrowths from the caudal end of each mesonephric duct

55
Q

What gives rise to the prostate?

A

Multiple endodermal outgrowths from the prostatic part of the urethra and the associated mesenchyme differentiates into the dense stoma (framework of connective tissue) and smooth muscle of the prostate

56
Q

What gives rise to the bulbourethal glands?

A

Paired outgrowths derived from the spongy part of the urethra (smooth muscle and and stoma differentiate from associated mesenchyme)

57
Q

What gives rise to the majority of the female genital tract?

A

Paramesonephric ducts

58
Q

What gives rise to the uterine tubes?

A

Unfused cranial parts of the paramesonephric ducts

59
Q

What gives rise to the uterovaginal primordium?

A

Fused caudal ends of the paramesonephric ducts

60
Q

What does the uterovagnial primordium give rise to?

A

Uterus and superior part of the vagina

61
Q

What gives rise to the broad ligament?

A

Peritoneal folds formed from fusion of the paramesonephric ducts (produces both the rectouterine pouch and vesicouterine pouch)

62
Q

What produces the urethral glands and paraurethral in females?

A

Outgrowths from the urethra into the surrounding mesenchyme

63
Q

What forms the greater vestibular glands?

A

Growths from the urogenital sinus

64
Q

What forms the vaginal plate?

A

Fusion of sinovaginal bulbs

65
Q

What forms the hymen?

A

Invagination of the posterior wall of the urogenital sinus

66
Q

What initial structure leads to the formation of the external genitalia?

A

Genital tubercle > primordial phallus

67
Q

What forms the spongy urethra?

A

fusion of the urethral folds

68
Q

What forms the penile raphe?

A

fusion of the surface ectoderm in the median plane of the penis.

69
Q

What forms the distal part of the spongy urethra?

A

Ectodermal cord, which grows inward and meets proximal spongy urethra - this fusion moves the external urethral orifice to the tip of the glans penis

70
Q

What forms the prepuce?

A

Circular ingrowth of ectoderm around the periphery of the glans penis, breaks down and forms prepuce

71
Q

What forms the corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum of the penis?

A

Mesenchyme in the phallus

72
Q

What develops into the scrotum?

A

Fusion of the labioscrotal swellings, (line of fusion produces scrotal raphe)

73
Q

What forms the clitoris?

A

Primordial phallus

74
Q

What becomes the internal spermatic fascia?

A

Extension of transversalis fascia

75
Q

What structures does the ureteric bud give rise to?

A

Ureter, renal pelvis, calices, collecting tubules

76
Q

What structures does the metanephric blastema gives rise to?

A

Nephrons

77
Q

What structure gives rise to the urinary bladder?

A

Urogenital sinus

78
Q

Where do primordial germ cells initial form?

A

Wall of the umbilical vesicle

79
Q

What determines gonadal sex?

A

Testes-determining factor

80
Q

What stimulates development of the mesonephric ducts into male genital ducts?

A

Interstitial cells (Leydig cells) which produce testosterone

81
Q

What inhibits development of the paramesonephric ducts?

A

MIS, produced by Sertoli cells

82
Q

What does the vagina develop from?

A

The vaginal plate derived from the urogenital sinus

Anatomy - exam II (2 decks)

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