Development of the US Constitution Flashcards

1
Q

Which representative from Virginia was behind many of the measures leading towards the creation of the new Constitution?

A

James Madison

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2
Q

Which states successfully met in 1785 and were positive about future inter-state cooperation?

A

Virginia and Maryland

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3
Q

Which meeting of 5 states in 1786 proposed the redrafting of the Articles of Confederation?

A

Annapolis meeting

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4
Q

Which 5 states were represented at the Annapolis meeting in 1786?

A

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia

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5
Q

Where was the new US constitution drafted and debated?

A

Philadelphia Convention / Constitutional Convention 1787

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6
Q

Which state declined to participate in the Philadelphia Convention?

A

Rhode Island

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7
Q

What did the Virginia Plan propose at the Philadelphia Convention?

A
  • Two houses
  • Representation based on population
  • Can veto state law
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8
Q

What did the New Jersey Plan propose at the Philadelphia Convention?

A
  • One house
  • Equal representation for states
  • State authority protected
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9
Q

What was the Great Compromise?

A

Plan on structure of government in constitution.
Stated that:
- two houses
- Upper house (Senate) equal representation for states
- Lower house (House of Representatives) representation based on population

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10
Q

What was the name of the upper house of the US government (Congress) called?

A

Senate

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11
Q

What was the name of the lower house of the US government (Congress) called?

A

House of Representatives

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12
Q

What were the 3 branches of government introduced by the Constitution?

A
  • Executive (President)
  • Legislature (Congress)
  • Judiciary (Supreme Court)
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13
Q

What principle was embedded into the Constitution to ensure no one branch of government could dominate?

A

Checks and balances

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14
Q

Which political grouping were most in favour of the new Constitution?

A

Federalists

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15
Q

What were the advantages of the Federalists during the ratification debate?

A
  1. Key figures - Washington and Franklin
  2. Offered a plan
  3. Dominated towns were local assemblies were based
  4. Newspapers
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16
Q

Why did ratification of the Constitution take longer in Massachusetts?

A

Key figures like Sam Adams and John Hancock were initially anti-federalists

17
Q

What did Alexander Hamilton write to encourage ratification in New York?

A

The Federalist Papers

18
Q

What was created to convince many anti-Federalists to support ratification of the Constitution?

A

Bill of Rights

19
Q

What were some of the key amendments made in the Bill of Rights?

A
  • Freedom of religion, press, speech
  • Right to bear arms
  • Powers not explicitly referenced in the Constitution to be the managed by individual states
20
Q

How many states needed to agree to the Constitution for it to be formally ratified?

A

9 out of 13

21
Q

When was the US Constitution ratified?

A

March 1789

22
Q

Who wrote the Bill of Rights?

A

James Madison

23
Q

How many amendments were included in the Bill of Rights?

A

10

24
Q

Which state was last to ratify the constitution?

A

Rhode Island (1790)