Development of the Stone Age Flashcards
What does history refer to
the record and study of past events
Primary source and secondary source examples
primary source: official records, letters, diaries
secondary source: history book, research essays
earliest people lived in ____ more than ____ years ago
Africa; 4 million
what does BC and AD, BCE and CE stand for
BC: before christ
AD: anno domini (latin ‘in the year of our lord’)
BCE: before common era
CE: common era
the period of the birth of Jesus Christ is called Anno Domini, latin for _______
in the year of our lord
____(1000 years), ____(100 years) and ____(10 years) are used to out years.
millennium; century; decade
which century is 1BC
1st century BC
historians divide history into ‘___________’ and ‘____________’ based on _______________.
prehistoric times; historic times; when writing was invented
what is the period before and after the invention of writing
before: pre-historic times
after: historic times
around ____ BC, the ____ invented the world’s first writing
4000; Sumerians
stone age was divided into ___ and ___
old stone age; new stone age
stone tool-making skills in old stone age/new stone age
old stone age: made stone tools by striking stones together, stone tools were coarse and unpolished
new stone age: improved stone tools by polishing; stone tools were sharper and smoother, learned to make pottery
clothing in old stone age/new stone age
old stone age: naked first, then used animal skins and leaves
new stone age: used silk, wool to make clothes
ways of getting food in old stone age/new stone age
old stone age: hunting, fishing; unstable food supply
new stone age: farming, keeping livestock; stable food supply
settlement in old stone age/new stone age
old stone age: moved from place to place (normadic livestyle), lived in caves or huts
new stone age: lived together and formed villages
benefits of using fire in new stone age
keep warm
scare away predators
to cook
for light
old stone age people and places their remains were discovered
lantian man: shaanxi
peking man: bejing, china
neanderthal man: neanderthal, germany
java man:java, indonesia
cro-magron man: cro-magron, france
after stone age came to an end, humans entered ___
metal ages
Features of a civilized society (5)
- people settle in cities
- invent writing to communicate
- set up a government to protect lives and properties
- have religous beliefs
- develop science and technology based on their needs
fertile cresent civilization start & end
around 4000BC ~ 539 BC
where is the fertile crescent civilization and who created it
iraq ,syria ,turkey and iran; the sumerians
where is the nile valley civilization and who created it
egypt; the ancient egyptians
where is the Indus valley civilization and who created it
pakistan; the dravidians
where is the huanghe valley civilization and who created it
shanxi and henan, china; the shang people
river valley characteristics
- provides water for drinking, cooking, washing
- can hunt animals that come to drink water
- can catch fish to eat
- can transport goods easily
- provide fertile land & can use water for irrigation
- travel more conveniently
fertile crescent is between the ________ ___ and the Persian Gulf
Mediterranean sea
Why is it called fertile crescent
because it has fertile soil and its shaped like a new moon
The southern part is known as ‘___’ , which means the land between the two rivers
Mesopotamia
sumerians lived in present day ___
Iraq
sumerians were the first people to establish ____ and invent ____
cities; writing
Built the world’s first cities in ___ BC
4000
Each sumerian city had its own ___ and __, like an independent state. They are called ‘_________’
government; army; city-states
The largest city-state
Ur
Sumerians used __ as building materials because the plains in fertile crescent lacked ___ and ___
mud bricks; wood and stone
Sumerian temples were known as ___
Ziggurat
representative architecture
Hanging Garden
Sumerians were ruled by ___
kings
Three classes of sumerian society
privileged class, commoners, slaves
