Development of the Head and Neck

Question 1

Name of the first pharyngeal arch

Answer 1

Mandibular arch

Question 2

Nerve of the first pharyngeal arch

Answer 2

CN V; Trigeminal Nerve (mandibular division)

Question 3

Muscle derivative of the first pharyngeal arch

Answer 3

Muscles of mastication (Lateral pterygoid, Medial pterygoid, Masseter, Temporalis)

Anterior belly of the digastric muscle

Mylohyoid muscle

Tensor Tympani

Tensor veli palatine

Question 4

Skeletal derivatives of the first pharyngeal arch

Answer 4

Maxilla

Meckel’s cartilage

Zygomatic bone

Premaxilla

Malleus

Incus

Sphenomandibular ligament

Part of the temporal bone

Question 5

Name of second pharyngeal arch

Answer 5

Hyoid

Question 6

Nerve of the second pharyngeal arch

Answer 6

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Question 7

Muscle derivatives of the second pharyngeal arch

Answer 7

Facial expression muscles (Oribicularis oris, orbicularis oculi, frontalis, auricularis, platysma, buccinator)

Posterior belly of the digastric muscle

Stylohyoid muscle

Stapedius muscle (middle ear)

Question 8

Skeletal derivatives of the second pharyngeal arch

Answer 8

Stapes

Styloid process

Stylohyoid ligament

Lesser horn of hyoid bone

Upper portion of the hyoid bone

Question 9

Nerve of the third pharyngeal arch

Answer 9

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Question 10

Muscle derivative of the third pharyngeal arch

Answer 10

Stylopharyngeus

Question 11

Skeletal derivatives of the third pharyngeal arch

Answer 11

Greater horn of hyoid bone

Lower portion of the hyoid bone

Question 12

Nerve of the fourth pharyngeal arch

Answer 12

Vagus Nerve (CN X); Superior laryngeal nerve

Question 13

Nerve of the 6th pharyngeal arch

Answer 13

Vagus Nerve (CN X); Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 14

Muscle derivatives of the fourth pharyngeal arch

Answer 14

Cricothyroid muscle, all intrinsic muscles of soft palate (including levator veli palatini) except tensor veli palatini

Question 15

Muscle derivatives of the sixth pharyngeal arch

Answer 15

All intrinsic muscles of larynx except the cricothyroid muscle

Question 16

Skeletal derivatives of the fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches

Answer 16

Thyroid cartilage

Cricoid

Arytenoid

Corniculate

Cuneiform

Question 17

What is derived from the pharyngeal arches

Answer 17

Skeletal and muscle components of the head and neck

Question 18

What is derived from the first pharyngeal cleft

Answer 18

External auditory meatus

Question 19

What is derived from the first pharyngeal pouch

Answer 19

Tympanic cavity (middle ear)

Auditory (eustachian) tube

Question 20

What is derived from the second pharyngeal pouch

Answer 20

Palatine tonsils

Question 21

What is derived from the third pharyngeal pouch

Answer 21

Inferior parathyroid gland

Thymus

Question 22

What is derived from the fourth pharyngeal pouch

Answer 22

Superior parathyroid gland

Ultimobranchial body (parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland)

Question 23

What is a cervical cyst (branchial cyst)

Answer 23

Swelling along the anterior border of the SCM muscle. Not connected with the outside

Question 24

What is a cervical sinus

Answer 24

A branchial cyst that is present along the anterior border of SCM and is not mobile during swallowing. There is communication with the outside