Development of Nursing in Canada Flashcards
1
Q
Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing
A
2
Q
Canadian Indigenous Nurses Association
A
- Indigenous professionals advocating for Indigenous people to have control of their own healthcare
- Includes Jean Goodwill, Jocelyn Bruyere, and Ann Callahan
- Aimed to improve health in Indigenous communities and have more Indigenous nurses
3
Q
Code of Ethics
A
- Provide guidelines for nurses experiencing ethical concerns during practice
- Value based, not rule based
4
Q
Education Reform
A
- Sought to replace untrained nurses with trained nurses
- Initially hade age, race, gender, and marital status requirements in order to make nursing a respectable profession
- Initially very racist against Indigenous and black students. These students were admitted only if they were to work within their own communities
- In the 1940s calls for education reform began
- High standards were to become the priority, and accredited programs
- CNA focused on upgrading nursing education
- Ended hospital training and introduced University programs as mandatory
5
Q
Entry to Practice Requirement
A
6
Q
International Council of Nurses
A
- Addressed the professional welfare of nurses
- Active in social and healthcare reform
- At first, it was Britain, Germany, and the US - countries with national nursing organizations
- Catalyst in organizing Canadian nurses
- Welcomed the new CNA (then CNATN)
- Key organization for uniting nurses around the globe
7
Q
World Health Organization
A
- Committed to the attainment by all peoples of the highest level of health
- Nursing was a central component due to lobbying from the International Council of Nurses
8
Q
Hotel-Dieu
A
- First hopital in Canada
- Only hospital in North America
- Not attached to a church building
- Run by nuns
- Led to the opening of 146 more hospitals
9
Q
Marie Rollet Herbert
A
- First nurse in New France
- Nurses provided healthcare, not doctors, so she was the only healthcare provider present
- Cared for Indigenous peoples and settlers
10
Q
Florence Nightingale
A
- Founder of modern nursing
- Improved standards of nursing care
- Initiated a system of nurse training in hospitals
- Studied at the Institute of Protestant Deaconesses
- Organized a group of nurses to aid in the Crimean war
- Organized supplies, sanitary reforms, and improvements to the military hospital
- Created the standard model of nursing education around the world for a century
11
Q
Nursing Reform
A
- Hospital based schools where instructors oversaw a group of students who provided most of the care
- Classist, sexist, and racist when following Nightingale’s values because a nurse went from being anyone who could provide care to a model respectable woman. Nurses were expected to be quiet and cheerful, and to submit to doctors. Nurses were to put patients in the best state for nature to treat them
12
Q
Mary Seacole
A
- Learned traditional herbal remedies from her mother
- Attempted to join Nightingale’s nurses going to the Crimean war but was rejected
- Paid her own way to assist with the war
- Set up the British Hotel to care for wounded and ill officers
- Queen Victoria set up a fund for her in honour of her actions
- Dismissed by history because of her race and class
13
Q
St. Catherine’s and St. Thomas’s
A
- First schools of nursing
- St. Thomas’s was a Nightingale School of Nursing, following Florence Nightingale’s program
14
Q
First University Programs and Weir Report
A
- After the influenza pandemic, nurses were seen as important and in need of University education
- First undergrad program was at UBC
- Weir report recommended that nursing education be performed in schools rather than hospitals
15
Q
Indigenous Caregivers
A
- Healers and midwives
- Extensive healing knowledge and traditions
- Formalized social structures for caring for unwell people
16
Q
Catholic History of Nursing
A
- Built a network of nurse run hospitals
- Nuns were nurses
- Nuns ran the hospitals and had significant influence
- Hospitals were funded through charity
- Nurses saw their care as spiritual ministry and wished to convert people
- Senior nuns were superintendents for hospitals
- Apothecaries prepared treatment and remedies, changed dressings, and monitored vital signs
- Religion allowed the sisters to lead when women had few other opportunities
17
Q
Mother Joseph
A
- Learned carpentry and designed many hospitals
- Oversaw construction
- Was able to do this because of her authority as a nun
18
Q
Colonial Healthcare and Indian Hospitals
A
- Christian orders involved themselves in Indigenous health care in order to convert people
- Government was interested in Indigenous Health because they believed Indigenous communities were spreading tuberculosis
- Indian Affairs funded church and state run medical services
- Grey Nuns built a hospital on a reserve
- Northern locations were more church run, Southern locations were more state run
- Healthcare was segregated, and Indigenous hospitals were underfunded, crowded, and understaffed
- Churches were eventually seen as an obstacle to Indigenous healthcare and a secular system implemented
- All TB patients were moved to the South for treatments and many never came back
- Assimilation and correction of Indigenous knowledge was the goal
- Unethical research was conducted on children
19
Q
Jean Goodwill
A
- From Little Pine First nation
- Raised by her aunt, a midwife and medicine woman
- One of the first Indigenous women to attend a mainstream nursing school
- Pursued leadership positions in government to bring about change
- Established an access program for future Indigenous nurses at the University of Saskatchewan
20
Q
Missionary Nursing
A
- First established in China after the Opium wars
- Unmarried religious women could volunteer to go on missions to China to provide nursing care
- Established hospitals and training schools
- Helped nurses gain a place in the World Health Organization
- Nurses worked in remote regions that were too small to have a doctor and were the primary care providers
21
Q
Agnes Snively
A
- Introduced the first 3 year nursing course with set practice and instruction hours
