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Head and Neck anatomy > Development of Head and Neck > Flashcards

Development of Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Neural crest cells contribute which bones?

A

Bones of the face

they also contribute many more things

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2
Q

A baby is born with a midline cleft. Anything else to be worried about?

A

Intellectual disabilities. Median clefts are associated with loss of other midline structures, including those in the brain. Severe form is Holoprosencephaly.

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3
Q

Patient has a midline bump on the anterior neck. What could it be?

A

Thyroglossal cyst.
-results from incomplete regression of thyroglossal duct that follows the migration of the thyroid gland from the foramen cecum to neck.

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4
Q

Important signaling centers for head/neck development

A
  • Rhombencephalic organizing center

- prosencephalic organizing center

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5
Q

Precursors for making head/neck structures (5)

A
  1. ectodermal placodes
  2. pharyngeal arches
  3. pharyngeal grooves
  4. pharyngeal pouches
  5. frontonasal prominence
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6
Q

olfactory placodes

A
  • paired

- associated with telencephalon

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7
Q

frontonasal prominence

A
  • olfactory node sits on this

- condensed mesenchyme

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8
Q

oropharyngeal membrane

A
  • separates GI tract from outside (amniotic cavity)

- degenerates in normal devo

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9
Q

Origin of pharyngeal arch mesenchyme

A
  1. paraxial mesoderm (somites)

2. neural crest cells

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10
Q

Basic components of a pharyngeal arch, and what they become

A
  1. core of condensed mesenchyme (becomes cartilage)
  2. loose mesenchyme (fascia)
  3. head mesoderm (skeletal muscle)
  4. pharyngeal arch artery (aortic arch)
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11
Q

Pharyngeal arches:

-bones?

A
  1. Bones on front of skull, Incus, Malleus, Meckel’s cartilage, sphenomandibular ligament
  2. Stapes, superior horns of hyoid, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament
  3. Lower hyoid
  4. Laryngeal cartilages
  5. Laryngeal cartilages
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12
Q

Pharyngeal arches:

-cranial nerves?

A
  1. V2, V3
  2. VII
  3. IX
  4. X, superior laryngeal branch
  5. X, recurrent laryngeal branch
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13
Q

Pharyngeal arches:

-arteries?

A
  1. parts of maxillary a. and external carotid
  2. stapeidal a., but disappears
  3. common, internal carotids
    4,6. aorta, subclavian, pulmonary arteries, ductus arteriosus
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14
Q

Pharyngeal grooves:

-Fate of each

A
  1. Middle ear canal

2,3,4. Cervical plexus, which degenerates

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15
Q

Pharyngeal grooves:

-Developmental problems?

A
  • Fistulas, cysts

- Fistulas/cysts of arches 2,3,4 found anterior to SCM muscle

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16
Q

Pharyngeal arches:

-muscles?

A
  1. Mastication muscles, mylohyoid, ant.digastric, tensor palatini, tensor tympani
  2. Facial muscles of expression, Stylohyoid, post.digastric, stapedius
  3. Stylopharyngeus, leavator veli palatini
  4. Pharyngeal constrictors, cricothyroid
  5. intrinsic laryngeal muscles
17
Q

DiGeorge syndrome:

head/neck devo problems?

A

-total or partial agenesis of 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouch derivatives

18
Q

Pharyngeal pouch derivatives

A
  1. Middle ear canal
  2. palatine tonsils
  3. inferior parathyroid glands, thymus
  4. superior parathyroid glands
19
Q

What structures fuse to form the nasolacrimal duct?

A

Maxillar prominence fuses with Lateral nasal prominence and merges with Frontonasal prominence

20
Q

Process of nasal cavity formation

A
  1. nasal sac forms from face surface
  2. oronasal membrane degenerates, connecting nasal and oral cavities
  3. secondary palate forms, separating both cavities
21
Q

Choanal Atresia

A
  • absence of L, R, or both nasal choanae, from failure of oronasal membrane to degenerate
  • Bilateral choanal atresia dangerous because newborns are nasal breathers
22
Q

2 parts of the palate

A

Primary and secondary palates.
Primary is found anteriorly and very small
L and R secondary palates fuse at midline

23
Q

Critical weeks for facial development

A

Weeks 3-9

24
Q

Arch 1 syndromes (3)

A
  1. Treacher Collins syndrome
  2. Pierre Robin sequence
  3. Crouzon syndrome
25
Q

CHARGE syndrome

A

know Choanae Atresia

  1. colaboma (hole in eye)
  2. heart defects
  3. Atresia of Choanae
  4. retardation
  5. genital hypoplasia
  6. Ear anomalies
26
Q

Tongue development:

A
  1. Body (ant. 2/3): Lateral and Medial Lingual swellings (arch 1, CN V)
  2. Root: Hypopharyngeal swelling (arch 3, CN IX)
  3. Muscle: occipital somite myotomes (CN XII)
27
Q

Ankyloglossia

A

-Thickened frenulum under the tongue

Head and Neck anatomy (1 decks)

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