Development of Empires Flashcards
Name the 3 G’s that motivated European expansion?
god, gold, and glory
Explain the reason why Europeans sought ocean trade routes to Asia?
Arabs controlled middle east trade
Name a major improvement used on ships called caravels to help them sail in any direction?
triangular sails
The astrolabe and quadrant allowed sailors to do what?
to navigate through the ocean using the stars
What Portuguese patron of exploration opened a school of navigation and financed voyages for country?
Prince Henry the navigator
Who was the first European explorer to sail around Africa and reach India?
Vasca Da Gama
What country became Europe’s first major sea power in the early 1500s?
Portugal
Where did Columbus believe he landed in 1492?
Indies–islands of Asia
What was the result of the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494?
Portugal gained the west and Spain gained the rest (east)
List 3 facts about the 1519 voyage of Ferdinand Magellan?
1) proved Earth was round with his voyage
2) was the first to circumnavigate the world
3) sailed west from Europe to reach Asia
What were English, French, and Dutch explorers hoping to find in their voyages west from Europe?
northwest Passage to Asia
Conquistador Hernan Cortez did what?
conquered the Aztecs
Conquistador Francisco Pizarro did what?
conquered the Incas
Sir Francis Drake did what?
sailed around the world (first Englishman to) he was a sea dog
What French explorer was the first to sail up the St. Lawrence river?
Jacques Cartier
Horses and cattle being brought to the New World and potatoes and tobacco being sent to the Old World were part of what?
The Columbian Exchange
Describe the relationship between Europeans and American Indians.
cruel to Indians–disease killed American Indians.
What religion still dominates Latin America thanks to the efforts of European missionaries?
Christianity
Persons of mixed Spanish and American Indian blood are called what?
mestizos
What was traded by Europeans in exchange for African slaves?
guns and manufactured goods
What was the Middle Passage?
slave trade from Africa to the New World
Approximately how many African slaves were brought to the Americas between 1500 and the late 1800s?
10 million
Slavery became based on what during the 1500s?
race
African slavery caused what in Africa?
Drop in population (depopulation) and increased warfare
Name the plantation cash crop the was largely responsible for an increase in African slavery?
sugar cane
Describe what the European plantation system did in the Caribbean and the Americas?
destroyed native economies and damaged environment
What was sent to Europe as part of the Triangular Trade?
raw materials, cotton, tobacco, sugar
European countries established colonies in Asia through what means?
trading companies
What is the economic theory of mercantilism?
wealth equals power (wealth=power)
If a country can export goods and recieve more money than what it spends on imports, the country has what?
favorable balance
What was the purpose of colonies during the Age of Exploration? (name 3)
1) supplied raw materials
2) prohibited from manufacturing own goods
3) cannot trade with other countries
List three ways European exploration impacted the Americas?
- slaves
- diseases
- religion
The Ottoman Empire was centered in what modern day country in Asia Minor?
Turkey
What religion dominated the Ottoman Empire even though the Ottomans showed religious tolerance toward other religions?
muslims (islamic)
The Ottoman Empire at its peak extended into what regions?
- Southwest Asia
- Balkan Peninsula
- North Africa
The Ottomans sent what trade items to Europe?
coffee and ceramics (rugs, silk, coffee, ceramics)
The Mughal Empire was centered in what modern day country?
India
The Mughals were predominantly followers of what religion?
Hinduism
An example of Mughal architecture is shown in what structure created by Shah Jahan?
Taj Mahal
List three trade items exported from the Mughal Empire?
textiles, spices, precious stones (gems)
Though several European countries established trade with the Mughals through coastal ports, what country eventually replaced the Mughals as the dominant political power in the area?
British (England)
Explain how the Chinese approached trade with foreign countries?
foreign policy and foreign enclaves, isolated, controlled influences
What were the two trade items that Europeans desired from China?
porcelain, tea
Who held the real political power in Japan?
shoguns
How did the Japanese feel about foreign influences from the Europeans?
isolated
What European trade item especially interested the Japanese?
guns
