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Embryology > Development of bilaminar germ disc > Flashcards

Development of bilaminar germ disc Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 distinct lineages do embryoblasts split into to form the bilaminar germ disc?

A

Epiblasts, Hypoblasts

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2
Q

What type of cells are in the epiblast/primitive ectoderm?

A

Lineage of pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells

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3
Q

What does the epiblast/primitive ectoderm develop into?

A

Embryo itself and some extraembryonic mesoderm

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4
Q

What type of cells are in the hypoblast/primitive endoderm?

A

Lineage of cuboidal epithelial cells that are extraembryonic

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5
Q

What does the hypoblast/primitive endoderm develop into?

A

Extraembryonic cells structures eg. umbilical cord, placenta

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6
Q

What are extraembryonic cells?

A

Cells that give rise to extraembryonic structures that support embryonic development and aren’t retained after birth

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7
Q

Are epiblasts located above or below hypoblasts in bilaminar germ disc formation?

A

Epiblasts above hypoblasts

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8
Q

How do the hypoblasts organise themselves when forming the bilaminar germ disc?

A

Monolayer

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9
Q

How do epiblasts organise themselves when forming the bilaminar germ disc?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium structure

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10
Q

What structure separates epiblasts and hypoblasts in the bilaminar germ disc?

A

Basement membrane

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11
Q

What is the completed structure of the bilaminar germ disc?

A

Epiblasts in pseudostratified columnar epithelium structure separated from monolayer of hypoblasts below by basement membrane

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12
Q

How does the organisation of epiblasts change to form the primordial amniotic cavity?

A

Epiblasts stretch and cavitate to form internal empty space, which is the primordial amniotic cavity

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13
Q

How does amniotic epithelium complete the amniotic membrane/amnion?

A

Roof of primordial amniotic cavity opens, so amniotic epithelium forms solid roof to complete amnion

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14
Q

What is the name of the cavity formed inside the amnion?

A

Amniotic cavity

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15
Q

What is amniotic epithelium derived from?

A

Amnioblasts, which are epiblasts located adjacent to the amniotic cavity

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16
Q

After the amnion has been formed, what structure is developed next?

A

Primary yolk sac

17
Q

What does the hypoblast do to form the primary yolk sac?

A

Send migratory endodermal cells

18
Q

What is the name of the membrane that surrounds the primary yolk sac?

A

Heuser’s membrane

19
Q

Where does the extraembryonic/chorionic cavity develop?

A

Extraembryonic mesoderm

20
Q

How does the extraembryonic mesoderm form the extraembryonic/chorionic cavity?

A

Splits into 2 layers so that inner layer coats Heuser’s membrane of primary yolk sac and outer layer coats cytotrophoblasts to leave chorionic cavity in between

21
Q

What is the function of the chorionic cavity?

A

Separates amnion and primary yolk sac from blastocyst wall

22
Q

How does the hypoblasts initiate change from primary to secondary yolk sac?

A

Send out more migratory endodermal cells

23
Q

How do the migratory endodermal cells change the primary yolk sac into the secondary yolk sac?

A

Migrate through extraembryonic mesoderm and pushes primary yolk sac in front of them until it reaches other side of chorionic cavity

Endodermal cells then become membrane of secondary yolk sac

24
Q

What tissue forms the connective stalk/primitive umbilical cord?

A

Extraembryonic mesoderm

25
Q

What system develops after formation of the connective stalk?

A

Uteroplacental circulation

26
Q

What is uteroplacental circulation?

A

System that allows maternal and foetal blood to flow close together and exchange gases and metabolites

27
Q

Why is uteroplacental circulation important in the developing embryo?

A

Simple diffusion now insufficient for embryo nutrition needs and waste excretion

28
Q

To develop uteroplacental circulation, what 2 structures anastomose?

A

Trophoblastic lacunae, maternal sinusoids

29
Q

What are trophoblastic lacunae and where are they found?

A

Vacuoles found in syncytiotrophoblast

30
Q

What are maternal sinusoids and where are they found?

A

Expanded maternal capillaries in syncytiotrophoblast

31
Q

What are primary chorionic stem villi, and how do they facilitate uteroplacental circulation?

A

Protrusions that grow from cytotrophoblast through syncytiotrophoblast and inject into blood-filled trophoblastic lacunae

32
Q

What is the appearance of primary chorionic stem villi?

A

Pointy extension of cytotrophoblast covered by syncytiotrophoblast layer

Embryology (5 decks)

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