Development Normal

Question 1

Erikson:infant

Answer 1

trust v. mistrust
Caregivers respond to infant’s basic needs
Overtimes babies understand that gratification may be delayed but will be provided

Question 2

Piaget: infant

Answer 2

sensory motor: • Infant uses senses and motor skills to learn about the world
• Substages
Object permanence (4-8 months old) - peek-a-boo

Question 3

motor skill: 4 months

Answer 3

lifts head, rolls, prone to supine, laughing

Question 4

motor skill: 5 months

Answer 4

rolls from supine to prone, grasps rattle

Question 5

motor skill: 6 months

Answer 5

tripod sits, squealing, yelling

Question 6

motor skill: 8 months

Answer 6

sits unsupported, pincer grasp

Question 7

motor skill: 9 months

Answer 7

crawls, abdomen off floor, mama, dada

Question 8

motor skill: 10 months

Answer 8

pulls to stand, cruises along furniture,

Question 9

motor skills: 12 months

Answer 9

sits from standing, walks, independently, babbles, feeds self with spoon and cup

Question 10

sensory development of infant

Answer 10

Sight- nearsighted, tracking objects
Hearing- intact at birth and as acute as an adult
Smell and taste- prefer sweets-
Touch- very important, soothing, rocking, cradling, swaddling

Question 11

Erikson: toddler

Answer 11

autonomy vs shame
exerting independence
saying no but meaning yes

Question 12

Piaget: toddler

Answer 12

sensorimotor
differentiates self from objects
• Play becomes more complex
Animism- human feelings given to objects

Question 13

motor skill:12-25 months

Answer 13

walks independently, finger foods, index finger to point

Question 14

motor skill: 18 months

Answer 14

climbs stairs, stacks blocks, removes shoes and socks

Question 15

motor skill: 24 months

Answer 15

runs, kicks a ball, builds a tower, scribbles

Question 16

motor skill: 36 months

Answer 16

pedals tricycle, runs easily, alternates feet on stairs, undress self, screws/unscrews lids nuts and bolts

Question 17

communication skills of toddler

Answer 17

Receptive- understands what is being said or asked v. expressive- communicates ones feelings
Echolia- repetition of words without understanding
WHY? WHY? WHY?
Telegraphic speech- just essentials

Question 18

12 months

Answer 18

1-2 words

Question 19

36 months

Answer 19

1000 words or more

Question 20

emotional and social development of toddler

Answer 20

• Egocentrism -sense of self begins to form; separate person from parent
• Power struggles in this age group
• Security items emerge
• Aggression-hit, bite, push, beginning to build empathy, limit choices,
• Separation anxiety-need predictable routine, set limits
• Temperament-NEED structure and routine to feel secure
Fears-separation and dark (imagination creates fear of the dark)

Question 21

pre-schooler

Answer 21

• Cognitive, language and psychosocial development growth is tremendous
• Preparation for success in school
Inquisitive learners=> sponges

Question 22

Erikson: pre-schooler

Answer 22

• initiative v. guilt, likes to please parents, negotiates solutions to conflicts

Question 23

Piaget: pre-schooler

Answer 23

preoperational thought, egocentric thinking, short attention span, active imagination, knows acceptable cultural facts

Question 24

motor skills: 3 years

Answer 24

pedals tricycle, runs easily, builds tower or 9 or 10 cubes

Question 25

motor skills: 4 years

Answer 25

throws a ball over head, hops on one foot, uses scissors

Question 26

motors skills: 5 years

Answer 26

stands on one foot, prints some letter

Question 27

communication: pre-schooler

Answer 27

• Telegraphic speech, short sentences with essential info
• Stuttering, choppy speech
• Begin to learn colors, numbers, letters
Ask many questions

Question 28

Erikson: school-age

Answer 28

industry v. inferiority 
interested in how things are make
success in personal and social tasks
increased interactions with peers
inferiority-when repeated failures are not supported by those the child trusts

Question 29

Piaget: school-age

Answer 29

concrete operational

principle of conservation-matter does not change when its form changes

Question 30

social and emotional support of the school age child

Answer 30

• Self-esteem- mirrors the child’s self-worth
• Mastering earlier tasks of autonomy or initiative allows the child to face the world with pride rather than shame
• Body image
Peer relationships- valuable lessons learned- acceptance or rejection, bullying

Question 31

Erikson: adolescent

Answer 31

identity v. role confusion
focuses on bodily changes
frequent mood changes
need for acceptance by peer group

Question 32

Piaget: adolescent

Answer 32

formal operations:
egocentrically thinking
invincible
develops critical thinking skills