Development iV Flashcards
Define gene knockout
Where you remove a certain gene and observe for a homeotic transformation to take place.
Define potency
Defined as the range of ccell fates available to a cell or group of cells. Has similiar meaning to competency.
Define totipotency
The capacity for a cell or group of cells to give rise to all the cells of the embryo including the extraembryonic membranes and tissues.
Define pluripotency
Describes the ability of a cell to develop into the 3 primary getm cell layers of the embryo but CANNOT form extra-embryonic tissues such as the placenta.
Define bi-potency
This is the capacity of a cell or group of cells to gi rise to only two cell types.
Define Unipotent stem cells
capacity of a cell to give rise to just one cell type
Constriction of embryo’s using baby hair ligatures in amphibians and showed that up until the 16 cell stage, all 16 nuclei remained totipotent. Which scientist showed this?
Hans Spenmann
Which scientists were responsible for the first nuclear transplantation experiments in Xenopus?
Briggs and Kings
What did John Gurdon do
- Expanded on the work of briggs and kings.
Succesfully cloned a frog using nuclei from somatic xenopus cells
Thus Gurdon was the first person to clone an amphibian.
Who were the first people to successfully clone the first mammal
Wilmut and Cambell.
State which parts of the embryo serve as a source of pluripotent embryonic stem cells.
Inner cell mass
Epiblast
Which cells make up the inner cell mass
The inner cell mass is made up of the epiblast and the primitive endoderm.
Where in the embryo can we harvest pluripotent embryonic stem cells
- From the epiblast.
- these pluripotent cells can be maintained in culture indefinitley.
Give three uses of embryonic stem cells
- Study in vitro development
- Generate genetically modified animals
- generate teratoma’s.
What are iPSC’s
These are a type of pluripotent stem cells that can be generated from adult somatic cells by genetic re-programming.
