Development dynamics keywords Flashcards
Development meaning
the economic, social, or political progress of a country or people make.
Economic development meaning
improvements in a country’s or people’s employment, income and living standards.
Social development meaning
improvement in people’s quality of life, health, education and culture.
Political development meaning
improvements in a country’s system of government or the involvement of people.
Developed country meaning
countries with a very high human development. E.g. the UK.
Emerging country meaning
countries with medium or high human development. E.g. India.
Developing county meaning
countries with a low human development. E.g. Malawi.
Development gap meaning
the difference in levels of development between the wealthiest developed countries and the poorest developing countries.
Gross domestic product (GDP) meaning
the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year,
Gross national income (GNI) meaning
GDP plus money earned abroad, e.g. by TNCs.
Poverty line meaning
the minimum income required to meet someone’s basic needs.
Human development index (HDI) meaning
a measure of people’s quality of life using four indicators - GDP per capital, life expectancy, literacy rate and years of schooling.
Literacy rate meaning
the percentage of the population, aged over 15, who can read and write,
Access to safe drinking water meaning
the percentage of the population with access to an improved water supply within 1km.
Birth rate meaning
the number of births per 1000 people per year.
Death rate meaning
the number of deaths per 1000 people per year.
Life expectancy meaning
the average number of years a person can expect to live.
Fertility rate meaning
the average number of births per woman.
Infant mortality rate
the number of children per 1000 who die before the age of 1.
Maternal mortality rate
the number of mothers per 10,000 who die in childbirth.
Population structure meaning
the age-sex distribution in a country, shown by population pyramids.
Corruption perception index (CPI) meaning
a measure of how dishonest a government is. 0 = highly corrupt, 100 = very clean.
Colonialism meaning
where one country takes over another and occupies it with settlers.
Colonies meaning
a group of people who create a settlement in a distant land but remain until governmental control.
Terms of trade meaning
the ratio between a country’s export and import prices.
Neo-colonialism meaning
developing countries are exploited by developed countries.
Landlocked meaning
when a country is entirely, or almost entirely, surrounded by land.
Tropical climate meaning
a very warm climate.
Natural hazards meaning
extreme natural events that can cause loss of life, extreme damage to property and disrupt human activities.
Open economies meaning
an economy that is heavily dependent on International Trade, Exports and Imports.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) meaning
an investment made by a firm or one person in one country into business interests in another country.
Closed economies meaning
an economy with no trading activity with outside economies.
Periphery meaning
the lesser developed part of a town or a region.
Core meaning
the more developed part of a town or a region.
TNCs meaning
companies that operate in several countries.
Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs) meaning
a non-profit group of voluntary citizens that lead small-scale project.
Intermediate technology meaning
low-tech and low-cost.
