Development Dynamics Flashcards
development
a process of change that affects people’s lives, it can involve an improvement in the quality of life as perceived by the people undergoing change
development indicators
GDP per capita, HDI, GDP, life expectancy, healthcare, lots more
dependency ratio
proportion of people below and above the normal working age (15 - 64)
reasons for different largest age groups in UK and Malawi
higher death rate in Malawi
better healthcare in UK
lower birth rate in UK
HIC
high income country - mostly in northern hemisphere
LIC
low income country - mostly in southern hemisphere
MIC
middle income country - like Brazil that have large reserves of raw materials which encouraged growth in the 1980s
NIC
newly industrialising country - growth often due to relocation of manufacturing overseas, economy doubled between 1988 and 1996
Brandt Line
made in the 1980s
above the line are mostly developed countries
hasn’t moved, even though it probably should
Rostow’s theory of development
- traditional society - subsistance farming, little trade, heavily religious
- preconditions for take off - banks set up, more trade, infrastructure + water/sewer systems
- take off - textile industry develops, people are more individual + materialistic
- drive to maturity - creates expensive products, companies go global, skilled workers.
- age of mass consumption - luxury becomes necessity, high profits, large service sector.
Frank’s dependency theory
core -15% world pop, 75% world GDP, turns raw materials into high-value products.
periphery - 85% world pop, 25% world GDP, sells raw materials to core countries and buys their goods.
Static placement
neo-colonoalism
a county that’s gained its independence but its previous overlord still holds power
top-down development
schemes funded by large companies or decisions made by the government, locals have no say
bottom-up development
locals involved with decision making, charities involved
emerging country
high to medium HDI and recent economic growth
FDI (foreign direct investment)
money/investment from overseas companies
outsourcing
when a company moves services overseas
remittance
sending money back home to family
globalisation
the ways countries have become more connected to each other, this could have something to do with technology
Wateraid in Zambia
20 new pumps helping 5000 10 rehabilitated pumps helping 2500 20 double latrines for 700 boys + girls small scale development locals are trained to maintain pumps creates a dependency on rich nations
Three Gorges Dam
220 million protected from floods cost $30 billion provides water + electricity took 9 years to build (1994 - 2003) saves financial damage from flooding increased erosion downstream wildlife disrupted
India
1.3 billion pop diverse landscape/wildlife huge difference in wealth Dharavi slums - biggest in the world average age is 27
changes in India
GDP $7.3 trillion per capita $5800 importing a lot more exporting a lot more unemployment now 8.6%, was 20% in 1991 lots of outsourcing comes here - call centres
Indian call centres
worth over $17 billion come for low taxes + labour costs 30 - 40 % growth every year Indians need to change their accent and only speak English employees get $40 per week
