Development Dynamics Flashcards
Define ‘Development’
Standard of living and the quality of life for humans in that area/place
Define ‘Birth Rate’
The number of births per year per 1000
Define ‘Death Rate’
The number of deaths per year per 1000
Define ‘Population Growth Rate’
The difference between the birth and death rate
Define ‘Life Expectancy’
The age you are expected to live
Define ‘Adult Literacy’
The percentage of the adult population that can read and write
Define ‘Infant Mortality Rate’
The number of infants that die before their first birthday per 1000 births
Define ‘GDP per Capita’
A measure of the amount of money a country makes (from selling products and services) divided by the total population
Define ‘Developed’
Countries where people have a high standard of living
Define ‘Developing’
A country that has little industry and lacks access to healthcare
What are the 3 HDI indicators?
- Adult Literacy
- Life Expectancy
- GDP
Define ‘Maternal Mortality Rate’
The number of mothers who die in childbirth per 1000 live births
Define ‘Fertility Rate’
The average amount of births per woman.
What is a population pyramid?
Bar graph which shows the age and gender structure of a country, city or area
What does a narrow top mean on a population pyramid?
It means that there is a high death rate; low life expectancy. This means that adult literacy may be low. Less doctors to people.
What does a wide base mean on a population pyramid?
It means that there is a high fertility rate. Adult literacy may be low. Not many females in education. Lack of knowledge of contraception.
What does a narrow base mean on a population pyramid?
High adult literacy rate. Higher numbers of females in education. Lower fertility rate. People are more focused on jobs rather than starting a family.
Name the 4 causes of global inequality(and define them)
- Social Investment (how much money is spent on education and healthcare)
- Physical Environment (how land and location can affect development)
- History and Colonialism ( whether the country was exploited by another, or is an exploiter of another nation)
- Political and Economical policies (whether the country is opened or closed to foreign investment/trade
Define ‘Colonialism’
To take political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically
Illegal under UN regulations
Define ‘Neo-colonialism’
Use of economic, political, or other pressures to control or influence other countries (usually former dependencies
Indirect colonialism so hard to label illegal
What is Rostow’s Modernisation Theory?
it is a 5 step blueprint(plan) that every country should follow in order to develop
Give 2 problems with Rostow’s Theory
- Assuming that every country starts with the same amount of resources
- Based on the development of European countries and overlooks other ways countries have developed
- Doesn’t take into account how countries have different physical environments
E.g. climate, location
What are the five stages of Rostow’s Theory?
- Traditional society
- Pre-conditions for take-off
- Take-off
- Drive to maturity
- High Mass Consumption
What is Frank’s Dependency Theory?
The core countries extract and take resources from the periphery countries, then manufacture the raw materials into goods. Then they sell it back to the periphery countries at a higher price. Keeping them in a cycle of dependency.
