Development Dynamics

Question 1

Define ‘Development’

Answer 1

Standard of living and the quality of life for humans in that area/place

Question 2

Define ‘Birth Rate’

Answer 2

The number of births per year per 1000

Question 3

Define ‘Death Rate’

Answer 3

The number of deaths per year per 1000

Question 4

Define ‘Population Growth Rate’

Answer 4

The difference between the birth and death rate

Question 5

Define ‘Life Expectancy’

Answer 5

The age you are expected to live

Question 6

Define ‘Adult Literacy’

Answer 6

The percentage of the adult population that can read and write

Question 7

Define ‘Infant Mortality Rate’

Answer 7

The number of infants that die before their first birthday per 1000 births

Question 8

Define ‘GDP per Capita’

Answer 8

A measure of the amount of money a country makes (from selling products and services) divided by the total population

Question 9

Define ‘Developed’

Answer 9

Countries where people have a high standard of living

Question 10

Define ‘Developing’

Answer 10

A country that has little industry and lacks access to healthcare

Question 11

What are the 3 HDI indicators?

Answer 11

• Adult Literacy
• Life Expectancy
• GDP

Question 12

Define ‘Maternal Mortality Rate’

Answer 12

The number of mothers who die in childbirth per 1000 live births

Question 13

Define ‘Fertility Rate’

Answer 13

The average amount of births per woman.

Question 14

What is a population pyramid?

Answer 14

Bar graph which shows the age and gender structure of a country, city or area

Question 15

What does a narrow top mean on a population pyramid?

Answer 15

It means that there is a high death rate; low life expectancy. This means that adult literacy may be low. Less doctors to people.

Question 16

What does a wide base mean on a population pyramid?

Answer 16

It means that there is a high fertility rate. Adult literacy may be low. Not many females in education. Lack of knowledge of contraception.

Question 17

What does a narrow base mean on a population pyramid?

Answer 17

High adult literacy rate. Higher numbers of females in education. Lower fertility rate. People are more focused on jobs rather than starting a family.

Question 18

Name the 4 causes of global inequality(and define them)

Answer 18

• Social Investment (how much money is spent on education and healthcare)
• Physical Environment (how land and location can affect development)
• History and Colonialism ( whether the country was exploited by another, or is an exploiter of another nation)
• Political and Economical policies (whether the country is opened or closed to foreign investment/trade

Question 19

Define ‘Colonialism’

Answer 19

To take political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically
Illegal under UN regulations

Question 20

Define ‘Neo-colonialism’

Answer 20

Use of economic, political, or other pressures to control or influence other countries (usually former dependencies
Indirect colonialism so hard to label illegal

Question 21

What is Rostow’s Modernisation Theory?

Answer 21

it is a 5 step blueprint(plan) that every country should follow in order to develop

Question 22

Give 2 problems with Rostow’s Theory

Answer 22

• Assuming that every country starts with the same amount of resources
• Based on the development of European countries and overlooks other ways countries have developed
• Doesn’t take into account how countries have different physical environments
  E.g. climate, location

Question 23

What are the five stages of Rostow’s Theory?

Answer 23

• Traditional society
• Pre-conditions for take-off
• Take-off
• Drive to maturity
• High Mass Consumption

Question 24

What is Frank’s Dependency Theory?

Answer 24

The core countries extract and take resources from the periphery countries, then manufacture the raw materials into goods. Then they sell it back to the periphery countries at a higher price. Keeping them in a cycle of dependency.

Question 25

Define ‘Globalisation’

Answer 25

The world becoming increasingly interconnected

Question 26

Define ‘Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)’

Answer 26

Investment in one country by another country.
Usually TNCs

Question 26

Define ‘Non-governmental Organisation (NGO)’

Answer 26

A charity which operates separately from the government

Question 27

Define ‘Intermediate Technology’

Answer 27

Small-scale technology that the local community can use without too much training or high costs

Question 28

Define ‘Trans National Company (TNC)’

Answer 28

Companies that operate in more than one country and have factories around the globe

Question 29

What is Top-Down Development?

Answer 29

Large-scale projects that aim at national or regional-level development
E.g. TNCs investments

Question 30

Name features of Top-Down development strategies

Answer 30

• Expensive
• Positive multiplier effect
• Large-scale
• Foreign direct investment
• Dependency

Question 31

Give an advantage of Top-Down Development

Answer 31

1) TNCs locate and improve the infrastructure of the local area with new offices and transportation provisions (rods, train lines, buildings)
2) TNCs provide jobs for the local people paying them steady salaries
3) The salaries pay taxes to the government
4) The government uses the tax to further improve infrastructure, education, and healthcare
5) Attracts more TNCs who provide even more jobs and the positive multiplier effect happens