Development & Aging

Question 1

Infant (0-12mo) Social milestones

Answer 1

Social smile by 2mo
Stranger anxiety by 6mo
Separation anxiety by 9mo

Question 2

Infant (0-12mo) Verbal/Cognitive milestones

Answer 2

Orients - first to voice by 4 mo, then to name and gestures by 9mo
Object permanence by 9mo
Oratory - says mama and dada by 10mo

Question 3

Toddler (12-36mo) Motor milestones

Answer 3

Cruises, takes first steps by 12mo
Climbs stairs by 18mo
Cubes staked - number = age x 3
Cultured - feeds self with fork and spoon by 20mo
Kicks ball by 24mo

Question 4

Toddler (12-36mo) social milestones

Answer 4

Recreation - parallel play by 24-36mo
Rapprochement - moves away from and returns to mother by 24mo
Realization - core gender identity formed by 36mo

Question 5

Toddler (12-36mo) verbal/cognitive milestones

Answer 5

Words - 200 words by age 2, 2 word sentences

Question 6

Preschool (3-5yr) Motor milestones

Answer 6

Drive - tricycle (3 wheels at 3yrs)
Drawings - copy line or circle, stick figure by age 4
Dexterity - hops on one foot by 4 yrs, uses buttons or zippers, grooms self by 5yr

Question 7

Preschool (3-5yr) Social milestones

Answer 7

Freedom - comfortably spends part of day away from mother by 3yr
Friends - cooperative play, has imaginary friends by 4yrs

Question 8

Preschool (3-5yr) verbal/cognitive milestones

Answer 8

Language - 1000 words by age 3, uses complete sentences and prepositions by 4yr
Legends - can tell detailed stories by 4yr

Question 9

Sexual Changes in elderly

Answer 9

Men - slower erection/ejaculation, longer refractory period

Women - vaginal shortening, thinning, dryness

Question 10

Changes in sleep patterns in elderly

Answer 10

Decreased REM and slow wave sleeps
Increase sleep onset latency
Increased early awakenings

Question 11

Other changes in elderly

Answer 11

Increased suicide rate
Decreased vision, hearing, immune response, bladder control
Decreased renal, pulmonary and GI function
Decreased muscle mass
Increased fat
Libido is stable in men but decreases in women after menopause

Question 12

Presbycusis

Answer 12

Sensorineural hearing loss (often higher frequencies) due to destruction of hair cells at the cochlear base (preserved low frequency hearing at apex)

Question 13

Infant (0-12mo) Motor milestones

Answer 13

Primitive reflexes disappear (Moro by 3 mo, rooting by 4 mo, palmar by 6mo, babinski by 12mo)
Posture - lifts head up prone by 1mo, rolls and sits by 6mo, crawls by 8mo, stands by 10mo), walks by 12-18mo
Picks - passes toys hand to hand by 6mo, Pincer grasp by 10mo
Points to objects by 12mo