Development Flashcards
Define Development
The use of resources to relieve poverty and improve the standard of living of a nation. A traditional low technology society is changed into a modern high technology society.
Name some Ac’s, LIDC and EDC
And how are countries distrubuted on the map
AC- america, Australia, UK
LIDC-Congo, Mali, Ethiopia
EDC- China, Singapore, India
There is no trend according to where the country is located which influences how developed they are and 3 categories are not enough as they they are many factors which indicate development,
Evaluate GDP Development indicator
Gross Domestic Product - the monetary
value of all the goods and services produced
within a country’s borders in a year, including
government spending.
Advantage- gives indication of how much the country is making through trade.
Disadvantage- it does not account of inequality, we don’t know it the money is spread out equally.
Evaluate GDP per capita
As GDP but provided by population
Advantage- shows how the money is distributed and includes the population.
Disadvantage- it does not consider social impacts like health care or quality of life.
Evaluate Birth Rate
The number of babies born every year per 1000 people in a population.
Advantage- tells us about contraception, LIDC have more children because there would be more people working or there is a higher death.
Disadvantage- does not consider GDP of country.
Evaluate death rate
Also known as the mortality rate, is most
commonly measured by crude death rate,
which is the number of deaths per 1,000
people in the midyear population.
Advantage- quality of health care and the life expectancy.
Disadvantages- not include money and GDP.
Evaluate life expectancy
No. of years newborn is expected to live.
Advantages- quality of health care and life, vaccinations
Disadvantages- not consider money and economy.
Evaluate infant mortality rate
Possibility to die between birth and 1 year per 1000 live births.
Advantages- maternity care and health care, sanitation, food and water.
Disadvantages- not include GDP, economy and about adults in population.
Evaluate HDI
Human Development Index, measure overall social and economic(health care, education, wealth, standard of living)
Advantages- overall education, social and economic
Disadvantages- not consider population, environment or political factors.
Evaluate literacy rate
% of population over 15 that can read and write.
Advantage- how educated and standard of schools, employment.
Disadvantages- not consider money and economy.
Evaluate Happy index
what extent people are happy
Advantages- uses all indicators
Disadvantages- not account mental health , economy.
What is the poverty cycle?
LIDC–> not enough money to invent industries schools and healthcare. –> lack of industry, poor education and healthcare.–> Few manufactured exports, many people cannot read or write, illness.–> LIDC
What factors make it difficult to break out of poverty?
POPULATION- higher population ,means less resources for people as they are used for more people per km squared, not enough food so famine.
low population, not enough people earning , lack of resources.
high population, more money earned and high economy.
CLIMATE CHANGE- high temps, less rainfall, drought, famine.
more extreme weather, drought/flooding, less earned from farming.
Extreme temps- increase in tourism (Kenya)
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY- if country is landlocked, restricted areas to shipping ports.
countries on mountainous areas harder to grow crops.
AVAILABILITY OF HEALTHCARE- lack of health care, less medicines and less doctors per person, more illness, spreading infection.
epidemics spreading(Ebola)
TRADE- LIDC trade primary products(bananas and coffee), ACs exploit these countries to get products at cheaper prices, country has low economy, lack of resources
Value of products traded, country’s that manufacture products (computer) get more money, countries with lower value products do not have the resources to manufacture higher value products.
Overview of economic development of Ethiopia (influences of population, society, technology and politics)
SOCIAL FACTORS-
Overview of economic development of Ethiopia (influences of population, society, technology and politics)
SOCIAL FACTORS:
- Less money from, trade because costs more as landlocked country do people not get as much money.
- drought so less agriculture and less money for people.
- In 1977-1978 because Ethiopian red terror people lost homes and many, many deaths 50,000 killed and 1.5 million forcibly relocated.ghkl;
- 1984-85 famine and 1 million dead
TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS:
- 2012 training programs and investment for farmers to learn new skills.
PHYSICAL FACTORS:
- landlocked so harder to export and trade and costs more money.
- unreliable rainfall lowland areas and winds so temps vary.
- climate change so dry and wet seasons vary, monsoon seasons often fail so agriculture difficult.
- central and western are mountainous so makes hard to farm and use machines.
POLITICAL FACTORS:
- second world war caused conflict and loss of life, Italy colonized and invested in highways , rail and power.
- 1977-78 Ethiopian red terror, government took land and evicted owners led to migration, refugees and economic decline. 50,000 dead and 1.5 million relocated.
- Civil war , derg government in power until 1987 and monarchy abolished , 1.4 million died.
- Derg government mid 1980s, strict policy on agriculture, productivity declined, drought and famine
